References
Myers GJ, Cassady G: Neonatal seizures. Pediatrics 5: 67, 1983.
Goldberg HJ: Neonatal convulsions—A ten year review.Arch Dis Child 58: 976, 1983
O'Donohoe NV: Epilepsies of Childhood. Butterworths, London. 1979 p 16
Orme MLE: Oral contraceptives and anticonvulsant drugs.Br J Clin Practice Symposium 27: 26, 1982
Sonnen AEH: Sodium valproate and the contraceptive pill.Br J Clin Practice Symposium 27: 31, 1982
British Medical Journal: Leading article—Epilepsy and pregnancy.Br Med J 281: 1087, 1980
British Medical Journal: Leading article—Teratogenic risks of anticonvulsants.Br Med J 283: 515, 1981
Rudd NL, Freedom RL: A possible primidone embryopathy.J Pediatr 94: 835, 1979
Thomas D, Buchanan N: Teratogenic effect of anticonvulsants.J Pediatr 99: 163, 1981
Dalens B, Raynaud EJ, Gauline J: Teratogenicity of valproic acid.J Pediatr 97; 332, 1980
Bgerkedal T, Czeizel A, Goujardj Ket al: Valproic acid and spina bifida.Lancet ii: 1096, 1982
Hiilesmaa VK, Teramo K, Granstom ML, Bardy AH: Fetal head growth associated with maternal antiepileptic drugs.Lancet ii: 165, 1981
Dickinson RG, Harland RC, Lynn RK, Smith WB, Gerber N: Transmission of valproic acid (Depakene) across the placenta: Half life of the drug in mother and baby.J Pediatr 894: 832, 1979
Ishizaki T, Yokochi K, Chiba K, Tabuchi T, Wagamatsuma T: Placental transfer of anticonvulsants (Phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproic acid) and the elimination from neonates.Pediatric Pharmacol 1: 291, 1981
Nau H, Rating D, Hauser I, Jager E, Koch S, Helge H: Placental transfer of Primidone and its metabolites Phenobarbital, PEMA and hydroxyphenobarbital in neonates and infants of epileptic mothers.Eur J Clin Pharmacol 18, 31, 1980
Wilson JT: Drugs in breast milk. ADJS Press, Auckland 1981
Shanker LS: Drug absorption: Fundamentals of Drug Metabolism and Drug Disposition. La Du, Mandel and Way (Eds); Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1971
Yaffe SJ, Jucau MR: Perinatal pharmacology.Ann Rev Pharmacol,14: 219, 1974
Smith CA:The physiology of the newborn infant. Thomas, Springfield, 1951. p 180
Boreus LO, Jalling B, Kallberg N: Clinical Pharmacology of phenobarbital in the neonatal period.In Basic and Therapeutic aspects of Perinatal Pharmacology Morselli, Garattini and Serini (Eds); Raven Press, New York, 1975 p 331
Jalling B, Boreus LO, Rane A, Sjoqvist F: Plasma concentrations of diphenylhydantoin in young infants.Pharmacological Clinical 2: 200, 1970
Albani M, Wernicke I: Oral phenytoin in infancy dose requirement, absorption and elimination.Pediatric Pharmacol 3; 229, 1983
Morselli PL: Clinical pharmacokinetics in neonates.Clinical Pharmacokinetics 1: 81, 1976
Nau H, Luck W, Kuhnz W, Wegener S: Serum protein binding of diazepam, desmethyldiazepam, furosemide, warfarin and phenobarbital in human fetus, mother and newborn infant.Pediatric Pharmacol 3: 219, 1983
Taburet AM, Chamouard C, Aymard P, Chevalier JY, Costil J: Phenobarbital protein binding in neonates.Dev Pharmacol Ther 4: 129, 1982
Kuhnz W, Steldinger R, Nau H: Protein binding of carbamazepine and its epoxide in maternal and fetal plasma at delivery: comparison to other anticonvulsants.Dev Pharmacol Ther 7: 61, 1984
Rane A, Tomson G: Prenatal and neonatal drug metabolism in man.Eur J Clin Pharmacol 18; 9, 1980
Neims AH, Warner M, Loughnan PM, Aranda JV: Development aspects of the hepatic cytochrome P 450 monooxygenase system.Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 16; 427, 1976
Boreus LO:Principles of Pediatric Pharmacology. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1982 p 91
Short CR, Kinden D, Stith R: Fetal and neonatal development of the microsomal monooxygenase system.Drug Metab Rev 5: 1, 1976
Boreus LO, Jalling B, Kallberg N: Phenobarbital metabolism in adults and newborn infants.Acta Pediatr Scand 67: 193, 1978
Pitlick W, Painter MJ, Pippenger C: Phenobarbital kinetics in neonates.Clin Pharmacol Ther 23: 346, 1978
Painter MJ, Pippenger C, MacDonald H, Pitlick W: Phenobarbitone and diphenylhydandtoin levels in neonates with seizures.J Pediatr 92: 315, 1978
Rane A: Urinary excretion of diphenylhydantoin metabolites in newborn infants.J Pediatr 85: 543, 1974
Morselli PL, Principi N, Tognoni G, Reali E, Belvedere G, Strauden SM, Serini F. Diazepam elimination in premature and full term infants and children.J Perinatal Med 1: 133, 1973
Rane A, Bertilsson L, Palmer L: Disposition of placentally transferred carbamazepine (Tegretol) in the newborn.Eur J Clin Pharmacol 8: 283, 1975
Rey E, D'Athis P, de Lauture D, Dulac O, Aicardi J, Olive G: Pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in the neonate and in the child.Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm. 17: 90, 1979
Rating D, Jager-Roman E, Nau H, Kuhnz H, Helge H: Enzyme induction in neonates after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugsPediatric Pharmacol 3: 209, 1983
Doyle PE, Jager-Roman E, Baird-Lambert J, Cvejic M, Buchanan N: Effect of prenatal exposure to betamethasone on metronidazole elimination in premature infants.J Pediatr 101: 647, 1982
Jager-Roman E, Doyle PE, Thomas D, Baird-Lambert J, Cvejic M, Buchanan N: Increased theophylline metabolism in premature infants after prenatal betamethasone administration.Dev Pharmacol Ther 5: 127 1982
Lancet: Leading article—Cimetidine and ranitidine.Lancet i: 601, 1982
Braunich H. Kidney development—drug elimination mechanisms.In Drug disposition during development Morselli (Ed); Spectrum, New York, Chapter 6, 1979
Aperia A, Broberger O, Elender G, Herin P, Zetterstrom R: Postnatal development of renal function in preterm and full term infants.Acta Pediatr Scand 70: 183, 1981
Strauss J, Daniel SS, James LS: Postnatal adjustment in renal function.Pediatrics 68: 802, 1981
Jeavons PM: Non-dose related side effects of valproate.Epilepsia 25: 550, 1984
Felding I, Rane A: Congenital liver damage after treatment of mother with valproic acid and phenytoin.Acta Pediatr Scand 73: 565, 1984
Nau H, Rating D, Koch S, Hauser I, Helge H: Valproic acid and its metabolites: placental transfer, neonatal pharmacokinetics, transfer via mother's milk and clinical status in neonates of epileptic mothers.J Exp Pharmacol Ther 219: 768, 1981
Nau H, Helge H, Luck W: Valproic acid in the perinatal period: decreased maternal serum protein binding results in fetal accumulation and neonatal displacement of the drug and its metabolites.J Pediatr 104: 627, 1984
Viani F, Jussi MI, Germano M, Lotti P, Lotti F: Rectal administration of sodium valproate for neonatal and infantile status epilepticus.Dev Med Child Neurol 26: 678, 1984
Kanto J, Erkkola R, Sellman R: Distribution and metabolism of diazepam in early and late human pregnancy. Postnatal metabolism of diazepam.Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 35: 36, 1984
Ackermann E, Richter K: Diazepam metabolism in human foetal and adult liver.Eur J Clin Pharmacol 11: 43, 1977
Mandelli M, Morselli P, Nordio S, Pardi G, Principi N, Sereni, F, Tognoni G: Placental transfer of diazepam and its disposition in the newborn.Clin Pharmacol Ther 17: 564, 1975
Nau H, Luck W, Kuhnz W: Decreased serum protein binding of diazepam and its major metabolites during the first postnatal week related to increased free fatty acid levels.Br J Clin Pharmacol 17: 92, 1984
Dulac O, Aicardi J, Rey E, Olive G: Blood levels of diazepam after single rectal administration in infants and children.J Pediatr 93: 1039, 1978
Tekur U, Gupta A, Tayal G, Agarwal KK: Blood concentrations of diazepam and its metabolites in children and neonates with tetanus.J Pediatr 102: 145, 1983
Chiba K, Ishizaki T, Miura H, Minagawa K: Michaelis Menten pharmacokinetics of diphenylhydantion and application in the paediatric age patient.J Pediatr,96: 479, 1980
Dodson EW: Phenytoin kinetics in children.Clin Pharmacol Ther 1980, 27: 704, 1980
Chia K, Ishizaki T, Miura H, Minagawaka K: Apparent Michaelis Menten kinetic parameters of phenytoin in paediatric patients.Pediatric Pharmacol 1: 171, 1980
Jalling B. Plasma concentrations of phenobarbital in the treatment of seizures in newborns.Acta Pediatr Scand 64: 514, 524 1975
Royer RJ, Vert P, Mur JM, Pladys JC, Humbert F, Royer Morrot MJ: Donnees pharmacocietiques sur le phenobarbital. Etude de I'influence de l'age gestationnel et de la dysmaturite.Archives Francaises de Pediatrie 33: 905–913 1976
Lockman LA, Kriel R, Zaske D, Thompson T, Virnig N: Phenobarbital dosage for control of neonatal seizures.Neurology 29: 1445, 1979
Fischer JH, Lockman LA, Zaske D, Kriel R: Phenobarbital maintenance dose requirements in treating neonatal seizures.Neurology 31: 1042, 1981
Gal P, Toback J, Boer HR, Erkan NV, Wells TJ. Efficacy of phenobarbital monotherapy in treatment of neonatal seizures-relationship to blood levels.Neurology 32: 1401, 1982
Gal P, Toback J, Erkan NV, Boer HR: The influence of asphyxia on phenobarbital dosing requirements in neonates.Dev Pharmacol Ther 7: 145, 1984
Myers MG, Robert RJ, Mirkij NJ: Effects of gestational age, birthweight and hypoxaemia on the pharmacokinetics of amikacin in serum of infants.Antimicrob agents Chemother 11: 1027, 1977
Gal P, Boer HR, Toback J, Erkan NV: Effect of asphyxia on theophylline clearance in newborns.Southern Med J 75: 836, 1982
Gal P, Boer HR, Toback J, Erkand NV: Phenobarbital dosing in neonates and asphyxia.Neurology 32: 788, 1982
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Buchnan, N. Anticonvulsants in the newborn period. Indian J Pediatr 52, 513–526 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02751028
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02751028