References
Winsberg F. Echocardiography of the fetal and newborn heart.Invest Radiol 1972; 3: 152–158.
Kleinman CS. Assessment of cardiac function in (human) fetus.J Am Coll Cardiol 1985; 5: 84S-94S.
Allan LD. A review of fetal echocardiography.Echocardiography 1985; 2: 351–376.
Snider AR. Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of heart disease in the neonate and fetus.Clin Perinatol 1988; 15: 523–565.
Brenner JI, Berg KA, Schnieder DSet al. Cardiac malformations in relatives of infants with hypoplastic left-heart syndrome.Am J Dis Child 1989; 143: 1491–1494.
Strasburger JF. Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of persistant fetal arrhythmias.J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 7: 1386–1391.
Huhta JC, Mosie KJ, Fisher DJet al. Detection and quantiation of constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus by Doppler echocardiography.Circulation 1987; 75: 406–412.
Wilson AD, Rao PS, Aeschlimann S. Normal fetal foramen flap & transatrial Doppler velocity pattern.J Am Soc Echo 1990; 3: 491–494.
Phillipas EZ, Robertson MA, Still DK. Prenatal detection of foramen ovale obstruction without hydrops fetalis.J Am Soc Echocardiography 1990; 3: 495–498.
Hornberger LK, Sahn DJ, Kleinman CSet al. Tricuspid valve disease with significant tricuspid insufficiency in the fetus: diagnosis and outcome.J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 17: 167–173.
Williams RG. Fetal echocardiography.Echocardiography 1991; 8: 273–289.
Kleinman CS, Hobbins JC, Jaffe CC. Echocardiographic study of the human fetus: prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease and cardiac dysrhythmias.Pediatrics 1980; 65: 1065–1067.
Groenenberg IAL, Stijnen T, Wladimiroff JW. Blood flow velocity waveforms in the fetal cardiac outflow tract as a measure of fetal well-being in intrauterine growth retardation.Pediatr Res 1990; 27: 379–382.
Evans MI, Drugan A, Manning FAet al. Fetal surgery in the 1990’s.Am J Dis Child 1989; 143: 1431–1436.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wilson, A.D. Fetal echocardiography: A review. Indian J Pediatr 58, 493–503 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02750931
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02750931