Abstract
Iron and steelmaking technology, including the preparation of raw materials and utilisation of wastes, has undergone marked changes over the last five decades. The hand mining of ores/minerals has almost completely been replaced by mechanised mining. The role of mineral beneficiation and sizing has therefore increased. The current emphasis is on maximising the use of mined materials through multiple beneficiation stages and agglomeration of fines.
Whilst emerging technologies for producing liquid iron are making their advent, blast furnaces continue to be the unchallenged source of hot metal production. However, the efficiency of ironmaking, both in terms of productivity and quality of hot metal has improved markedly.
Gone are the days of open hearth furnaces and Bessemer converters. LD steelmaking has incorporated in it a number of improvements, namely combined blowing, dynamic control along with the use of the sublance, improved refractories for lining and ladle treatment of liquid steel.
Trends emerging in the area of steel-casting include, horizontal casting, thin strip casting and hot charging of con-cast products without soaking/re-heating.
The paper deals with some of these areas including the advances in rolling mill operation.
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Singh, B.N. Recent trends in iron and steelmaking technology. Bull. Mater. Sci. 12, 435–447 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02747146
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02747146