Summary
Just as the field of coherent optics was opened up by the advent of the laser beam, coherent electron optics has been propelled forward by the development of a field-emission beam which is both bright and monochromatic. This development has made it feasible to observe high-contrast electron interference patterns even in real time, thereby making it possible to carry out fundamental experiments in physics once regarded as «thought experiments» such as the confirmation of the Aharonov-Bohm effect. It has also facilitated high-precision phase measurements by electron holography. The latter technique has enabled the observation of magnetization distribution in a ferromagnetic material and magnetic fluxons in a superconductor.
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Tonomura, A. The Aharonov-Bohm effect and its applications to observations of the microscopic world. Nuov Cim B 110, 571–584 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02741466
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02741466