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The ordered visual transduction complex of the squid photoreceptor membrane

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Abstract

The study of visual transduction has given invaluable insight into the mechanisms of signal transduction by heptahelical receptors that act via guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G-proteins). However, the cyclic-GMP second messenger system seen in vertebrate photoreceptor cells is not widely used in other cell types. In contrast, the retina of higher invertebrates, such as squid, offers an equally accessible transduction system, which uses the widespread second messenger chemistry of an increase in cytosolic calcium caused by the production of inositol-(1,4,5)-trisphosphate (InsP3) by the enzyme phospholipase C, and which may be a model for store-operated calcium influx.

In this article, we highlight some key aspects of invertebrate visual transduction as elucidated from the combination of biochemical techniques applied to cephalopods, genetic techniques applied to flies, and electrophysiology applied to the horseshoe crab. We discuss the importance and applicability of ideas drawn from these model systems to the understanding of some general processes in signal transduction, such as the integration of the cytoskeleton into the signal transduction process and the possible modes of regulation of store-operated calcium influx.

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Abbreviations

CaM:

calmodulin

CDP:

cytidine diphosphate

CDS:

CDP-diacylglycerol synthase

DAG:

diacylglycerol

DHP:

dihydropyridine

Dtrp :

Drosophila visual mutant conferring “transient receptor potential” phenotype

DTRP:

protein encoded byDtrp gene

Dtrpl :

Drosophila visual mutant encoding TRP-like protein

DTRPL:

protein encoded byDtrpl gene

GDP:

guanosine diphosphate

G-protein:

guanine nucleotide binding protein

GMP:

guanosine monophosphate

GRK:

G-protein-linked receptor kinase

GTP:

guanosine triphosphate

inaD:

Drosophila visual mutant confering “inactivation, no after potential” phenotype

INAD:

protein encoded byinaD gene

InsP3 :

inositol-(1,4,5)-trisphosphate

InsP3R:

inositol-(1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptor

norpA :

Drosophila visual mutant conferring “no receptor potential” phenotype

ninaC :

Drosophila visual mutant conferring “neither inactivation nor activation” phenotype

NINAC:

protein produced byninaC gene

PDZ domain:

postsynaptic density protein, disk large, zo-1 domain

PH domain:

Pleckstrin Homology domain

PIP2 :

phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bis-phosphate

PKC:

protein kinase C

PLC:

phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C

SDS-PAGE:

sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

SML:

sucrose monolaurate (dodecyl-d-fructofuranosyl-d-glucopyranoside)

strp :

squid (Loligo forbesi) homolog ofDrosophila trp gene

sTRP:

protein encoded bystrp gene

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Author notes

  1. Jonathan I. Wilde

    Present address: Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, OX1 3QT, Oxford, UK

  2. Nichoals Evans

    Present address: SmithKline Beecham Ltd, Harlow, Essex, UK

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    J. Shaun Lott

  2. School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK

    Jonathan I. Wilde, Nichoals Evans & John B. C. Findlay

  3. Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

    Alan Carne

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  1. J. Shaun Lott
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Lott, J.S., Wilde, J.I., Carne, A. et al. The ordered visual transduction complex of the squid photoreceptor membrane. Mol Neurobiol 20, 61–80 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02741365

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