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Immunity, infection, and nasal disease

  • Sinus Physiology and Disease
  • Published:
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Conclusion

The nasal mucosa conditions and cleans inspired air before it enters deeper regions of the body. However, this filtering capacity results in the accumulation of foreign substances in the nose. Since these impurities include both particulate and infectious materials, mechanisms for washing the nasal interior and immune resistance are well developed. The increase in chronic sinusitis that accompanies host immunodeficiency states confirms the importance of immune responses in maintaining the health of the nasal mucosa and perhaps overall health.

This overview does reveal limitations in knowledge on nasal immune mechanisms. For example, there is a lack of information on antigen presentation and other leukocyte functions in the nose. Interactions between nasal immune/inflammatory manifestations and systemic immunity are also not clear. However, such information is hopefully forthcoming, particularly because of interest in immunization via mucosal vaccinations (65). General concepts on mucosal immunity probably apply to the nose. For instance, IgA is an important component of nasal as well as overall local immunity. However, comparisons between specific mucosal sites show that differences do exist. As an example, although serum IgG3 deficiency may be reflected by a decrease in IgG3 + cells in the rectal mucosa, a similar serum deficiency appears to correlate with an increase in IgG3 + cells in the nasal mucosa (36). Therefore, further information on nasal immunity will contribute to an appreciation of the nose and define its place among mucosal immune defenses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Technology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, TB 192-School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 95616, Davis, CA

    Steven H. Yoshida

  2. Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, TB 192-School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 95616, Davis, CA

    M. Eric Gershwin

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Yoshida, S.H., Gershwin, M.E. Immunity, infection, and nasal disease. Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol 16, 3–24 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02739326

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