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Neopopulism and neoliberalism in Latin America: Unexpected affinities

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Abstract

Why have political populism and economic liberalism coexisted under Presidents Menem in Argentina, Collor in Brazil, and Fujimori in Peru? In order to elucidate this surprising convergence, which established conceptions of populism did not expect, this article stresses some underlying affinities between neoliberalism and the new version of populism emerging in the 1980s. Both neopopulism and neoliberalism seek to win mass support primarily from unorganized people in the informal sector, while marginalizing autonomous organizations of better-off strata and attacking the “political class.” They both apply a top-down, state-centered strategy of wielding political power. Finally, neoliberal efforts to combat Latin America’s deep economic crisis yield some benefits for poorer sectors, to which neopopulist leaders appeal, while imposing especially high costs on many of the better-off opponents of neopopulism.

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    Kurt Weyland

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Kurt Weyland is assistant professor of political science at Vanderbilt University. His work on Brazil and on Comparative Politics/Latin America has appeared inJournal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, Journal of Democracy, andInternational Studies Quarterly.

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Weyland, K. Neopopulism and neoliberalism in Latin America: Unexpected affinities. St Comp Int Dev 31, 3–31 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02738987

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