Summary
The problem of the surface density profiles and of the surface tension of a two-component liquid of charged particles in equilibrium with its vapour is examined. The exact equilibrium conditions for the profiles are given in terms of the inverse response functions of the inhomogeneous fluid and alternative exact expressions for the surface tension are derived. The use of a density gradient expansion reduces the problem to the knowledge of properties of a homogeneous charged fluid on a uniform neutralizing background, in which the total particle density and the charge density are independent variables. Additional simplifications are discussed for special cases for which a perturbative treatment of the surface charge density profile can be developed and, in particular, for nearly symmetric ionic liquids and for simple liquid metals.
Riassunto
Il lavoro esamina il problema dei profili di densità e della tensione superficiale di un liquido binario di particelle cariche in equilibrio con il suo vapore. Si derivano le condizioni esatte di equilibrio in termini delle funzioni di risposta inversa del fluido non omogeneo, nonchè varie espressioni esatte per la tensione superficiale. Mediante l'uso dello sviluppo in gradienti di densità, il problema è ricondotto alla determinazione di proprietà di un liquido carico omogeneo, neutralizzato da un fondo inerte di carica. Si discutono quindi approcci perturbativi per la determinazione della densità di carica superficiale in sistemi particolari e cioè per liquidi ionici quasi simmetrici e per metalli liquidi semplici.
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Senatore, G., Tosi, M.P. Theory of the surface dipole layer and of surface tension in liquids of charged particles. Nuov Cim B 56, 169–186 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02738366
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02738366