Skip to main content

Infantile tremor syndrome in Iraqi Kurdistan

The Indian Journal of Pediatrics volume 72, pages 839–842 (2005)Cite this article

Abstract

Objective : To describe a rare condition that occurred for the first time in Iraqi Kurdistan during the UN Sanctions on Iraq in the nireties. Literature review was made to fine possible causes.Methods : Patients were collected from various sources including private clinics, hospital outpatient clinics and the Centre for Handicapped Children in the city of Arbil. Clinical features and proper history were the main diagnostic tools. Different treatment regimes were used on those patients.Results : 24 patients were collected; the majority was between 6–18 months. Males were more affected than females. Half of the patients were exclusively breast-fed and three quarter have received blood for anemia.Conclusion : Infantile tremor syndrome is a rare condition which was described both in India and outside India as well. It was observed among children in Iraqi Kurdistan during the difficult economic sitution under the UN Sanctions. The condition has the same features inside and outside India. The etiology is not very clear yet.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

43,34 €

Price includes VAT (Finland)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

References

  1. Pohowalla JN, Kaul KK, Bhandri NR, Singh S.D. Infantile Meningo-encephalitic Syndrome.Indian J Pediatrics 1960; 27:49.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Gupta BD, Miglani M, Miglani N. Infantile Tremor Syndrome,Indian J Pediatrics 1978; 45:221.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Dikshit AK. Nutritional Dystrophy and Anemia, IndianJournal of Child Health 1957; 6:132.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Jadhav M, Webb JKG, Vaishara S, Baker SJ. Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Indian Infants-a Clinical Syndrome.Lancet 1962; 2:903.

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Sachdev K, Manchanda SS, Lal H. The Syndrome of Tremor, Mental Regression and Anemia in Infants and Young Children.Indian Pediatrics 1965; 2: 239.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kaul KK. Syndrome of Tremor in Indian Infants.J Indian Medical Association 1972; 59: 473.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Suraj Gupta. Infantile Tremor Syndrome.Indian Pediatrics 1987; 1987; 24:1159.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ayra LS, Singh M, Aram GN, Farahmand S. Infantile Tremor Syndrome.Indian J Pediatrics 1988; 55:913–917.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bajpai PC, Misra PK, Tandon KM, Newton G. Brain Biopsy in Infantile Tremor Syndrome.Indian J Medical Research 1971; 59:413–417.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Wadia RS, Bandishti S, Kharche M. Bi2 & Folate Deficiency: incidence and clinical features.Neurology India 2000; 48: 302–304.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Grattan-Smith PJ, Wilcken B, Procopis PG, Wise GA. The Neurological Syndrome of Infantile Cobalamine Deficiency, Developmental Regression and Involuntary Movements,Movement Disorders 1997; 12 (1): 39–48.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Mahajan CM, Walia BNS, Perkash A. Anemias in Infantile Tremor Syndrome.Indian J Pediatrics 1971; 38: 362.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Garewal G, Narang A, Das KG Infantile Tremor Syndrome: A Vitamin B12 Deficiency Syndrome in Infants.J Tropical Pediatrics 1988; 34:174–178.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Agarwal R, Sigh RN, Gupta BD, Agarwal D.K. and Arora A.K. Serum Magnesium, Calcium, Zinc in Infantile Tremor Syndrome.Indian Pediatrics 1993; 30: 374–376.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bajpai PC, Tandon PN, Bajpai PC. Infantile Tremor Syndrome-Probable Etiology.Indian Pediatrics 1971; 8(2) 62–64.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bajpai PC, Misra PK, Tandon PN Further Observations on Infantile Tremor Syndrome.Indian Pediatrics 1968; 5(7): 297–307.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Garg BK, Srivatana SR. Infantile Tremor Syndrome.Indian J Pediatrics 1969; 36:213–218.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gupta S., Infantile Tremor Syndrome. InShort Text Book of Pediatrics, 8th edn. New Delhi; Jaypee Brothers, 1988; 558–561.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sharda B. and Bhandari B. Infantile Tremor Syndrome,Indian Pediatrics 1987; 24:415–421.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ramakumar L, Pandove SP. Infantile Tremor Syndrome.Indian J Pediatr 1975; 331(42): 215–225.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bajpai PC, Misra PK. Follow up Studies in Infantile Tremor Syndrome.Indian J Medical Research 1972; 60 (11): 1711–1717.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kalra V, Marwaha RK. Propranolo in Infantile Tremor Syndrome.Indian J Pediatrics 1981; (49) : 341–343.

  23. Mahajan CM, Walia BNS, Dutta BN. Infantile Tremor Syndrome-Some Aspects of Serum Biochemistry and Liver Histology.Indian Pediatrics 1971; 8(12): 831–833.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Vasmani LK, Surti V. Bavdekar SB, Kamat JR. Infantile Tremor Syndrome.J Indian Medical Association 1998; 96(4): 126.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Goraya J. Persistence of Neurological Damage Induced by Vitamin B12 Deficiency.Achieves of Diseases in Childhood 2004; 78: 395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Murali MV, Sharma PP, Kaul PB, Gupta P. Carbamazepine Therapy for Infantile Tremor Syndrome.Indian Pediatrics 1993; 30: 72–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Sulaiamni

    Nazar M. Mohammad Amin

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Arbil Children’s Hospital, Arbil, Iraq

    Jamal Mohammad Zeki

Authors
  1. Nazar M. Mohammad Amin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jamal Mohammad Zeki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nazar M. Mohammad Amin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Amin, N.M.M., Zeki, J.M. Infantile tremor syndrome in Iraqi Kurdistan. Indian J Pediatr 72, 839–842 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02731110

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02731110

Key words

  • Kurdistan
  • Sanctions Arbil
  • Tremor
  • Breast-fed