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On composite gauge fields and dynamical symmetry breaking

О составных калибровочных полях и динамическое нарущение симметрии

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Il Nuovo Cimento A (1965-1970)

Summary

Considering biquadratic Lagrangians of the Fermi type as the low-energy limit of a renormalizable Yang-Mills gauge theory, the possibility of composite-state formation is studied. It is shown that the composite states, under certain nonrestrictive conditions, bear the same quantum numbers as the underlying boson gauge fields. If the underlying gauge theory includes « charge » operators which give rise to parity-conserving currents, then these give origin in the biquadratic effective Lagrangians to terms of the same form as those adopted by Nambu and Jona-Lasinio in their work on spontaneous symmetry breaking, giving thus origin to mass terms for the spinor multiplets. Further consequences, such as existence of pseudoscalar boson and vacuum degeneracy, can be drawn as in the above-mentioned work. As an example of application of this approach a Konopinski-Mahmoud-type model of leptons is considered. It is shown that by the proposed mechanism the lepton masses could be spontaneously generated including μ-e asymmetry, but in order to obtain massless neutrinos one must start from a 4-dimensional instead of a 3-dimensional fermion multiplet. It is shown that in this model the Fermi constant should obey a dynamical integral equation which, under a simplifying hypothesis, can be explicitly given.

Riassunto

Considerando lagrangiani biquadratici del tipo di Fermi, come il limite di bassa energia di una teoria di gauge alla Yang-Mills, si studia la possibile formazione di stati composti. Si mostra come, in certe condizioni non restrittive, gli stati composti abbiano gli stessi numeri quantici dei campi di gauge bosonici di base. Se la teoria di gauge di base include operatori di «carica» che danno luogo a correnti conservanti la parità, allora quest’ultime danno luogo nei lagrangiani effettivi biquadratici a termini della stessa forma di quelli adottati da Nambu e Jona-Lasinio nel loro lavoro sulla rottura spontanea della simmetria, dando origine, in tal modo, a termini di massa per i multipletti di spinori. Come nel lavoro summenzionato, si possono trarre ulteriori conseguenze quali l’esistenza di un bosone pseudoscalare e la degenerazione del vuoto. Come esempio di applicazione di questo approccio si considera un modello di leptoni del tipo di Konopinski-Mahmoud. Si fa vedere come, per mezzo del meccanismo proposto, si possono generare spontaneamente le masse dei leptoni, assieme all’asimmetria μ-e; tuttavia, per ottenere neutrini senza massa, bisogna partire da un multipletto di fermioni 4-dimensionale invece che 3-dimensionale. Si mostra come in questo modello la costante di Fermi debba obbedire ad un’equazione integrale dinamica che, in un’ipotesi semplificativa, può essere data in modo esplicito.

Реэюме

Рассматривая биквадратные Лагранжианы типа Ферми как предел калибровочной теории Янга-Миллса при ниэких знергиях, исследуется воэможность обраэования составных состояний. Покаэывается, что при определенных неог-раничиваюших условиях составные состояния имеют те же квантовые числа, как и калибровочные боэонные поля баэиса. Если калибровочная теория баэиса включает операторы «эаряда», которые приводят к токам, сохраняюшим четность, тогда биквадратные зффективные Лагранжианы выражаются в том же виде, который был предложен Намбу и ?она-Лаэинио в их работе о спонтанном нарущении симметрии. Такой подход поэволяет проследить воэникновение массы мультиплетов спиноров. Как в выщеупомянутой работе, можно получуть дальнейщие следствия, как сушествование псевдоскалярного боэона и вырожденность вакуума. Как пример применения зтого подхода, рассматривается модель лептонов типа Конопинского-Махмуда. С помошью предложенного механиэма покаэывается, что можно спонтанно генерировать массы лептонов, вместе с асимметрией μ-е. Однако, для получения нейтрино беэ массы необходимо исходить иэ мультиплета четырехмерных фермионов, а не трехмерных. Покаэывается, как в зтой модели постоянные Ферми должны удовлетворять динамическому интегральному уравнению, которое при упрошаюших предположениях может быть представлено в явном виде.

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Budini, P., Furlan, P. On composite gauge fields and dynamical symmetry breaking. Nuov Cim A 30, 63–80 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02729793

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02729793

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