Abstract
Anonymity is frequently offered to recipients of mail questionnaires in order to secure their cooperation and thus increase the response rate obtained. Individuals desiring to remain anonymous may, however, choose to respond differently to the instrument than known respondents because their identities are secret. Thus, a potential source of bias is introduced whenever anonymity is made available. This article examines the responses of identified and anonymous respondents to a mail questionnaire in order to determine the extent to which such bias occurred.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen, Irving L. and J. David Colfax. “Respondents' Attitudes Toward Legitimate Surveys in Four Cities,” Journal of Marketing Research, V (November, 1968), 431–433.
Banks, Seymour. “Designing Marketing Research to Increase Validity,” Journal of Marketing, 28 (October, 1964), 32–40.
Becker, Boris W. and John G. Myers. “Yeasaying Response Style,” Journal of Advertising Research, 10 (December, 1970), 31–37.
Borus, Michael E. “Response Error and Questioning Technique in Surveys of Earnings Information,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 65 (June, 1970), 566–575.
Brunner, G. Allen and Stephen J. Carroll, Jr. “The Effect of Prior Notification on the Refusal Rate in Fixed Address Surveys,” Journal of Advertising Research, 9 (March, 1969), 42–44.
Cox, William E. Jr. “Response Patterns to Mail Surveys,” Journal of Marketing Research, III (November, 1966), 392–397.
Belkin, Marvin and Seymour Lieberman. “Effect of Question Wording on Response Distribution,” Journal of Marketing Research, IV (August, 1967), 312–313.
Ford, Neil M. “Consistency of Responses in a Mail Survey,” Journal of Advertising Research, 9 (August, 1969), 31–33.
— “Questionnaire Appearance and Response Rates in Mail Surveys,” Journal of Advertising Research, 8 (June, 1968), 43–45.
— “The Advance Letter in Mail Surveys,” Journal of Marketing Research, IV (May, 1967), 202–204.
Frazier, George and Kermit Bird. “Increasing the Response of a Mail Questionnaire,” Journal of Marketing, 22 (October, 1958), 186–187.
Hochstim, Joseph R. “A Critical Comparison of Three Strategies of Collecting Data from Households,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 7 (September, 1967), 976–989.
Indow, Tarow. “Models for Responses of Customers With a Constant Rate,” Journal of Marketing Research, VII (November, 1970), 498–502.
Ito, Rikuma. “An Analysis of Response Errors: A Case Study,” Journal of Business, 36 (October, 1963), 440–447.
Kimball, Andrew E. “Increasing the Rate of Return in Mail Surveys,” Journal of Marketing, (October, 1961), 63–64.
Lansing, John B. and A. T. Eapen. “Dealing with Missing Information in Surveys,” Journal of Marketing, 24 (October, 1959), 21–27.
Laurent, Andre. “Effects of Question Length on Reporting Behavior in the Survey Interview,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 67, (June, 1972), 298–305.
Laurent, Charles D. and Aquileo Parra A. “Use of Mail Questionnaires in Columbia,” Journal of Marketing Research, V (February, 1968), 101–103.
Nuckols, Robert C. and Charles Mayer. “Can Independent Responses Be Obtained From Various Members in a Mail Panel Household?,” Journal of Marketing Research, VII (February, 1970), 90–94.
Myers, James H. and Arne F. Haug. “How a Preliminary Letter Affects Mail Survey Returns and Costs,” Journal of Advertising Research, 9 (June, 1969), 37–39.
Neidell, Lester A. “Procedures for Obtaining Similarities Data,” Journal of Marketing Research, IX (August. 1972), 335–337.
Odesky, Stanford H.. “Handling the Neutral Vote in Paired Comparison Product Testing,” Journal of Marketing Research, IV (May, 1967), 199–201.
Ognibene, Peter. “Correcting Nonresponse Bias In Mail Questionnaires,” Journal of Marketing Research, VIII (May, 1971), 233–235.
—. “Traits Affecting Questionnaire Response,” Journal of Advertising Research, 10 (June, 1970), 18–20.
Simon, Raymond. “Responses to Personal and Form Letters in Mail Surveys,” Journal of Advertising Research, 7 (March, 1967), 28–30.
Smith, Edward M. and Joseph Barry Mason. “The Influence of Instructions on Respondent Error,” Journal of Marketing Research, VII (May, 1970), 254–255.
Stafford, James E.. “Influence of Preliminary Contact on Mail Returns,” Journal of Marketing Research, III (November, 1966), 410–411.
Wells, William D. and Joel Dames. “Hidden Errors in Survey Data,” Journal of Marketing, 26, (October, 1962), 50–54.
Wotruba, Thomas R. “Montary Inducements and Mail Questionnaire Response,” Journal of Marketing Research, III (November, 1966), 398–400.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hise, R.T., McGinnis, M.A. Evaluating the effects of anonymous respondents on mail survey results. JAMS 4, 592–598 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02729772
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02729772