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Four-dimensional symmetry from a broad viewpoint

VI. Quark confinement in ultraviolet-finite QCD

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Il Nuovo Cimento B (1971-1996)

Summary

Within the four-dimensional framework of «common relativity», we can introduce a new principle of invariant and universal probability distribution, independent of spin property, for all quantized field oscillators to formulate finite and unitary field theories. Here we consider the gluon field as an exceptional case and postulate that its field oscillators can be pictured as a system of bosons, so that the distribution of the gluon oscillators takes the form of the Bose distribution. We show thata) the perturbative QCD is ultraviolet finite,b) the perturbative static potential of quarks is asymptotically linear inr, c) the force between two quarks vanishes rapidly asr→0. The origin of the asymptotically linear potential due to gluons stems from a quasi-condensation of the gluon oscillators which roughly resembles the Einstein condensation. But quarks cannot be confined by the perturbative linear potential due to the spin-one gluon because of the four-dimensional symmetry feature of the Dirac equation, in sharp contrast with the Schrödinger equation. However, if the asymptotically linear potential between quarks is due to a massless spin-zero field, then quarks can be confined. The four-dimensional framework of special relativity is too restrictive to allow these new concepts and results.

Riassunto

Nell’ambito quadridimensionale della «relatività comune» si può introdurre un nuovo principio di distribuzione di probabilità invariante e universale indipendente dalla probabilità di spin, per tutti gli oscillatori di campo quantizzati per, formulare teorie di campo finite e unitarie. Qui si considera il campo gluonico come un caso eccezionale e si ipotizza che i suoi oscillatori di campo possano essere descritti come un sistema di bosoni, cosicché la distribuzione di oscillatori gluonici assume la forma della distribuzione di Bose. Si mostra chea) il QCD perturbativo è ultravioletto finito,b) il potenziale statico perturbativo dei quark è asintoticamente lineare inr, c) la forza tra i due quark si annulla rapidamente perr→0. L’origine del potenziale asintoticamente lineare causato dai gluoni deriva da una quasi condensazione degli oscillatori gluonici che somiglia grosso modo alla condensazione di Einstein. Ma i quark non possono essere confinati dal potenziale lineare perturbativo a causa del gluone a spin 1 a causa del carattere di simmetria quadridimensionale dell’equazione di Dirac, in forte contrasto con l’equazione di Schrödinger. Comunque, se il potenziale asintoticamente lineare tra quark è dovuto a un campo senza massa e spin 0, allora i quark possono essere confinati. Il sistema quadridimensionale della relatività speciale è troppo restrittivo per permettere questi nuovi concetti e risultati.

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References

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Supported in part by Southeastern Massachusetts University (permanent address).

Traduzione a cura della Redazione.

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Hsu, J.P. Four-dimensional symmetry from a broad viewpoint. Nuov Cim B 88, 140–155 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02728896

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02728896

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