Summary
The noncausal structure events demanded by Bell's theorem are shown to follow naturally from a theory of events similar to White-head's. In spite of this noncausal structure on the level of individu al events the macroscopic causality structure observed in Nature at the statistical level holds. Quantum theory itself emerges naturally, along with the basic analyticity properties of theS-matrix.
Riassunto
Si mostra che gli eventi di struttura non casuale richiesti dal teorema di Bell seguono naturalmente da una teoria degli eventi simile a quella di Whitehead. Nonostante questa struttura non casuale al livello dei singoli eventi, la struttura di casualità macroscopica osservata in Natura al livello statistico continua a valere. La stessa teoria quantistica emerge naturalmente assieme alle fondamentali proprietà di analiticità della matriceS.
Резюме
Показывается, что события с непричинной структурой, требуемые согласно теореме Белла, возникают естественным образом из теорий событий, аналогичной теории Уайтхеда. Несмотря на указанную непричинную структуру на уровне индивидуальных событий, на статистическом уровне имеет место структура макроскопической причинности, которая наблюдается в природе. Квантовая теория возникает естественным образом, наряду с основными свойствами аналитичностиS матрицы.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H. P. Stapp:Amer. Journ. Phys.,40, 1098 (1972).
J. S. Bell:Physics,1, 195 (1964);H. P. Stapp:Phys. Rev. D,3, 1303 (1971), Sect.3;Correlation Experiments and the Nonvalidity of Ordinary Ideas about the Physical World (Berkeley, Cal., 1968);J. F. Clauser andM. A. Horne:Phys. Rev. D,10, 526 (1974). The statement of Bell's result given in the text is based on the results obtained in the second of the above references, where it is tacitly assumed that counter efficiences are not limited in principle. The principle of local causes is introduced and analyzed in those two works.
S. J. Freedman andJ. F. Clauser:Phys. Rev. Lett.,28, 938 (1972).
A. N. Whitehead:Process and Reality (New York, N. Y., 1929). Whitehead's theory differs from mine in at least two important respects. First, it rejects the serial or sequential ordering of events (or actual occasions or actual entities), and consequently is forced to the complication of a «contemporary world» comprised of an ill-defined multiplicity of actual entities. This complication in Whitehead's theory was engendered by precisely the notion of causality invalidated by Bell's theorem. Reversion to the serial notion restores unity to the world, thereby eliminating a serious structural and aesthetic defect in Whitehead's model. A second important difference is thatWhitehead describes details of the decision-making process, whereas I described general mathematical conditions on this process, thus securing a well-defined connection to mathematical physics.
H. P. Stapp: inCausality and physical theories, AIP Conference Proceedings, No. 16, edited byW. B. Rolnick, American Institute of Physics;D. Iagolnitzer andH. P. Stapp:Comm. Math. Phys.,14, 15 (1969).
H. P. Stapp:Foundations of S-matrix theory.—I:Theory and measurement, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Report LBL-759 Rev., June 13, 1972;D. Iagolnitzer:Introduction to S-matrix theory, C.E.N. Saclay.
I mean here that (E.3) of the first ref. (6),H. P. Stapp:Foundations of S-matrix theory—I:Theory and measurement, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Report LBL-759 Rev., June 13, 1972, together with its degenerate (classical) limit, is probably the only simple representation of a large class of functions satisfying the required classical conditions (E.2).
J. Coster andH. P. Stapp:Journ. Math. Phys.,11, 2743 (1970).
I refer here to maximal analyticity. SeeG. F. Chew:S-Matrix Theory of Strong Interactions (New York, N. Y., 1961).
G. F. Chew:S-Matrix Theory of Strong Interactions (New York, N. Y., 1961);S. Mandelstam:Phys. Rev.,112, 1344 (1958);R. Blankenbecler, M. L. Goldberger, N. N. Khuri andS. B. Treiman:Ann. of Phys.,10, 62 (1960).
H. P. Stapp:Phys. Rev. D,3, 1303 (1971), Sect.11 and Appendix A.
G. F. Chew:The Analytic S-Matrix (New York, N. Y., 1966).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This work was supported by the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration.
Traduzione a cura della Redazione.
Перевебено ребакцией.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Stapp, H.P. Bell's theorem and world process. Nuovo Cim B 29, 270–276 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02728310
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02728310