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n, p and n, np reactions with 14 MeV neutrons

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Il Nuovo Cimento (1955-1965)

Summary

Measurements of the energy spectra of protons emitted in n, p and n, np reactions with 14 MeV neutrons are described. The spectra are taken at four different angles in the case of Ni, Cu, Mo, and Ag. The results are compared with other results in the domain of the nuclear reactions at intermediate energy. The mechanisms responsible for the various reactions can be shortly indicated: 1) instantaneous effects: the forward emitted high energy particles are due to such effects. 2) non equilibrium escape is responsible for the main part of the spectra and for emission at any angle. The escape is supposed to be due to the strong interactions between few excited nucleons at the nuclear surface; 3) retarded emission, probably after stabilized equilibrium is reached, will explain the emission of protons by mediumA nuclei and of neutrons when incident energy is below 18 MeV. Values of temperatures of ∼ 1 MeV are found. In n, 2n and n, np reactions strong emission of protons competes in some cases with neutron emissions. The role of surface conditions in this retarded emission is enlightened.

Riassunto

Vengono descritte misure dello spettro energetico di protoni emessi in relazioni n,p ed n, np prodotte da neutroni di 14 MeV per Ni, Cu, Mo ed Ag. Lo spettro è misurato a quattro angoli per ciascuno di questi casi. I risultati ottenuti vengono confrontati con altri risultati noti di spettri di particelle emesse in reazioni nucleari alle medie energie. I meccanismi che intervengono in queste reazioni possono così riassumersi: 1) effetti istantanei responsabili dell’emissione delle particelle a più alta energia ed emesse soprattutto ad angoli in avanti. 2) fuga di non equilibrio relativa alle particelle delle parti medie dello spettro ed emesse a tutti gli angoli. Viene discussa la possibilità di tali processi di fuga in connessione con le interazioni fra nucleoni eccitati alla superficie del nucleo. 3) emissione ritardata, probabilmente successiva ad un equilibrio statistico, responsabile della emissione di protoni in nuclei medi e di neutroni per energie incidenti non superiori a 18 MeV. Temperature di ∼ 1 MeV vengono confermate. In reazioni n, np od n, 2n vengono osservate in alcuni casi probabilità di emissione maggiori per protoni che per neutroni. Una discussione di queste emissioni porta a fare l’ipotesi che gli elementi di matrice delle varie reazioni risentano fortemente delle condizioni della superficie nucleare.

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Colli, L., Facchini, U., Iori, I. et al. n, p and n, np reactions with 14 MeV neutrons. Nuovo Cim 13, 730–760 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02726362

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