Inflammatory diseases of the ear

Abstract

The inflammatory diseases of external and middle ear are one of the commonest conditions encountered by the pediatric physician. Inner ear inflammations are less common and need special and urgent attention. Special management in each case requires detailed history, examination, necessary investigations and appropriate referral to otolaryngologist when necessary. The article is aimed to help formulate a plan in managing the inflammatory conditions of ear. Otalgia constitutes the most prominent of the symptoms in external and middle ear inflammations whereas vertigo, tinnitus and sensory hearing loss form the symptom complex for inner ear infections. It is necessary to understand the basic pathophysiology of the inflammatory condition to be able to institute a targetted treatment. The audiometry impedance studies, microbiology of discharge and occasionally ABR and CT scan form the mainstay of investigative workup. The treatment is specific and based on the precise diagnosis. It often requires the help of an otolarynoglogist. Decisions may have to be made with regards to the need for any surgical intervention particularly in acute otitis media, an external canal abcess or an acute mastoiditis. A case of chronic otitis media with facial palsy or vertigo (labyrinthitis being a possibility) needs urgent intervention.