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The chemistry of fractionally charged atoms

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Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (1971-1985)

Summary

An effective search for free quarks in matter requires understanding the chemistry of atoms with fractionally charged nuclei. Their chemistry is determined by interpolation in terms of the known chemistry of neutral atoms and ions. Electronegativities and ionic crystal radii of quark atoms are computed.

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References

  1. For the remainder of this paper «quark» will refer to the first formed stable fractionally-charged particles.

  2. D. D. Clayton:Principles of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis (New York, N. Y., 1968).

  3. Since the power of an atom to attract electrons depends somewhat upon its valence state, it is not strictly speaking an invariant atomic property. For example, the electron attracting ability of asp n hybrid orbital (n=2, ...) centered on carbon and directed toward hydrogen increases as the percentage ofs-wave in the orbital increases in the series ethane (C2H6), ethylene (C2H4), acetylene (C2H2).

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  7. This always proves possible except when the nuclear chargeZ is 1/2. Then a theoretical estimate can be made.

  8. The chemical relationship between elements in other corresponding columns,e.g. V B and V A, in not close because of the complexd-shell structure of elements in the remaining B columns.

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Author notes

  1. K. S. Lackner (Max Kade Fellow) & G. Zweig

    Present address: California Institute of Technology, 91125, Pasadena, Cal.

Authors and Affiliations

    Authors
    1. K. S. Lackner
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    2. G. Zweig
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    Additional information

    Letter to the XX International Conference on High Energy Physics, May 1980. Work supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC-03-79ER0068.

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    Lackner, K.S., Zweig, G. The chemistry of fractionally charged atoms. Lett. Nuovo Cimento 33, 65–73 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02725409

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02725409

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