Summary
There are no special techniques for the growth of single crystals of materials with layered structures. This review describes those classical methods which are most frequently used to prepare crystalline samples of layered materials. Its aim is to give as many useful data as possible in the limited space available. As is normal in crystal growth, all the parameters involved can only seldom be controlled and the reported data may not therefore lead to an infallible recipe. The principal preoccupation of the experimental physicist is to obtain the proper sample with a suitable shape and orientation fit for a particular experiment to be carried out. It is this preoccupation which suggested the organization of this article. In the introduction, some relevant features of crystals with layered structures will be reviewed. The most important basic concepts of crystal growth kinetics will then be summarized. In sect.2, the methods of growing thin flakes and bulk crystals will be presented. Section3 deals with more particular cases like whiskers or needles.
Riassunto
Non ci sono tecniche speciali per la crescita di cristalli singoli di materiali con strutture stratificate. Questa rassegna descrive quei metodi classici che sono più frequentemente usati per preparare campioni cristallini di materiali stratificati. Il suo scopo è di dare il maggior numero possibile di dati nel limitato spazio disponibile. Come normale, nella crescita dei cristalli tutti i parametri coinvolti solo raramente possono essere controllati e i dati riportati non possono perciò portare a una ricetta infallibile. La preoccupazione dei fisici sperimentali è di ottenere il campione opportuno con una forma e un orientamento adatti per l’attuazione di un particolare esperimento. È questa preoccupazione che ha suggerito la struttura di questo articolo. Nell’introduzione si fa una rassegna delle caratteristiche importanti dei cristalli con struttura stratificata. Saranno quindi riassunti i più importanti concetti basilari della cinetica di accrescimento dei cristalli. Nella sezione2 saranno presenti i metodi di crescita di esili lamelle e di cristalli massicci. La sezione3 tratta di casi più particolari come i baffi e gli aghi.
Резюме
Не существует специальной техники выращивания монокристаллов из материалов со слоистой структурой. В этой работе описываются классические методы, которые наиболее часто используются для приготовления кристаллических образцов слоистых материалов. Обычно при выращивании кристаллов редко можно проконтролировать все параметры и поэтому приведенные данные не могут дать надежный рецент. Основная забота экспериментаторов—получение образца, имеющего форму и ориентацию, которые соответствуют специфике проводимого эксперимента. Во введении анализируются некоторые особенности кристаллов со слоистой структурой. Затем обобщаются наиболее важные концепции кинетики роста кристаллов. Во втором разделе рассматриваются методы выращивания тонких чешуек и объемных кристаллов. Третий раздел посвящен частным случаям нитевидных и игольчатых кристаллов.
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Lévy, F. Single-crystal growth of layered crystals. Nuov Cim B 38, 359–368 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723506
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723506