Skip to main content
Log in

ESSCA: A multidimensional analysis tool for marketing research

  • Published:
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Multidimensional analysis techniques such as ESSCA (External Single-set Components Analysis) are useful for marketing researchers who want to estimate the dimensionality of a group of related measurement instruments. Here, the advantages and disadvantages of this procedure are illustrated through an investigation of four advertising recall measures. The ESSCA solution suggests that two dimensions of recall are actually being measured: favorable recall of stimulus features and brand name recall.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abruzzini, Pompeo. 1967. “Measuring Language Difficulty in Advertising Copy.”Journal of Marketing 31 (April): 22–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alpert, Mark I. and Robert A. Peterson. 1972. “On the Interpretation of Canonical Correlation.”Journal of Marketing Research 9 (May): 187–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagozzi, Richard P. 1980.Causal Models in Marketing. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartos, Rena. 1981. “Ads That Irritate May Erode Trust in Advertised Brands.”Harvard Business Review (May–June): 138–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagozzi, Richard P. and Alvin J. Silk. 1983. “Recall, Recognition, and the Measurement of Memory for Print Advertisements,”Marketing Science, 2 (Spring): 95–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bower, Lawrence and Steven H. Chaffee: 1974. “Product Involvement and Pertinent Advertising Appeals.”Journalism Quarterly 51 (Winter): 613–21; 644.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, Dodds J. 1964. “How Interest in the Product Affects Recall: Print Ads vs. Commercials.”Journal of Advertising Research 4: 9–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, Margaret S. and Alice M. Isen. 1982.Cognitive Social Psychology. Albert Hostorf and Alice Isen, eds. New York: Elsevier/North Holland 73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Claycamp, Henry J. and Lucien E. Liddy. 1969. “Prediction of New Product Performance: An Analytical Approach.”Journal of Marketing Research 6 (November): 414–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Etgar, Michael. 1976. “Channel Domination and Countervailing Power in Distributive Channels.”Journal of Marketing Research 8: 254–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fornell, Claes. 1978. “Three Approaches to Canonical Analysis.”Journal of the Market Research Society 20: 166–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fornell, Claes. 1979. “External Single-Set Components Analysis of Multiple Criterion/Multiple Predictor Variables.”Multivariate Behavioral Research 14: 323–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fornell, Claes and George M. Zinkhan. 1982. “Classification Schemes for a Second Generation of Multivariate Analysis.” in (R. Bush and S. Hunt, eds.)Marketing Theory: Philosophy of Science Perspectives. Chicago: American Marketing Association: 295–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, Stephen and Michael Etgar. 1980. “An Experimental Investigation of Comparative Advertising: Impact of Message Appeal, Information Load, and Utility of Product Class.”Journal of Marketing Research 17 (May): 187–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, Allen and Norton Garfinkle. 1962. “Delayed Recall of Magazine Articles.”Journal of Advertising Research 2 (No. 1): 28–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanssens, Dominique M. and Barton A. Weitz. 1980. “The Effectiveness of Industrial Print Advertisements Across Product Categories.”Journal of Marketing Research 17: 294–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holbrook, Morris B. 1975. “A Study of Communication in Advertising.” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, New York, NY: Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holbrook, Morris B. and Elizabeth C. Hirschman. 1982. “The Experimental Aspects of Consumption: Consumer Fantasies, Feelings and Fun.”Journal of Consumer Research 9 (September): 132–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janis, J. Harold. 1978.Writing and Communication in Business. New York: MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc., Third Edition: 388–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joreskog, K. G. 1969. “A General Approach to Confirmatory Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis.”Psychometrika 34: 183–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. K. 1975. “The Sampling Distribution and a Test for the Significance of the Bimultivariate Redundancy Statistic: A Monte Carlo Study.”Multivariate Behavioral Research 10: 233–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, Andrew A. and Jerry C. Olson. 1981. “Are Product Attribute Beliefs the Only Mediator of Advertising Effects on Brand Attitude?”Journal of Marketing Research 16: 318–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saliagas, Dena. 1985. “An Investigation of Affective Response: Applications to Advertising Communications.” Unpublished dissertation, Houston, TX: University Houston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, William A. 1962. “Cognitive Complexity and Cognitive Flexibility.”Sociometry 25: 405–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shimp, Terence A. 1981. “Attitude Toward the Ad as a Mediator of Consumer Brand Choice.”Journal of Advertising 10 (2): 91–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silk, Alvin J. and Terry Vavra. 1974.Advertising’s Affective Qualities and Consumer Response. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Marketing Science Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, D. and W. Love. 1968. “A General Canonical Correlation Index.”Psychological Bulletin 70: 160–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, Wilson L. 1953. “‘Cloze Procedure’: A New Tool for Measuring Readability.”Journalism Quarterly 30: 415–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • van den Wollenberg, A. L. 1977. “Redundancy Analysis: An Alternative for Canonical Correlation Analysis.”Psychometricka 42: 207–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westbrook, Robert A. and Claes Fornell. 1979. “Patterns of Information Source Usage Among Durable Goods Buyers.”Journal of Marketing Research 16: 303–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zajonc, Robert B. and Hazel Markus. 1982. “Affective and Cognitive Factors in Preferences.”Journal of Consumer Research 9: 123–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zinkhan, George M. 1982. “An Empirical Investigation of Aided Advertising Recall.”Current Issues and Research in Advertising 5: 137–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zinkhan, George M. and Claude R. Martin. 1983. “Two Copy Testing Techniques: The Cloze Procedure and the Cognitive Complexity Test.”Journal of Business Research 11: 217–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zinkhan, George M., William B. Locander and James H. Leigh. 1986. “Dimensional Relationships of Aided Recall and Recognition.”Journal of Advertising 15: 1, 38–46.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zinkhan, G.M., Locander, W.B. ESSCA: A multidimensional analysis tool for marketing research. JAMS 16, 36–46 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723324

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723324

Keywords

Navigation