Summary
We explore the possibility that the topology of space-time may not be that of Minkowski’s space-time but may include many topological holes. We show that these holes should behave like massless scalar particles with Lorentz invariant cross-sections which depend upon their size. We argue that they should have a thermal energy distribution with a temperature the same as the cosmic neutrino background. A photon interacting with this sea of holes is red-shifted in an energy-dependent way. This allows us to put severe constraints on their cross-sections using radio and optical quasar data.
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Ross, D.K. Holes in space-time. Nuov Cim B 107, 203–210 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02722917
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02722917