Summary
The synchronization of clocks at distant spatial points is a question of convention. If a synchronization not involving electromagnetic radiation is agreed upon, the one-way velocity of light becomes meaningful. We develop the prediction of general relativity and other metric theories of gravity for the one-way speed of light near the surface of the rotating Earth, distant clocks being synchronized by means of clock transport. This prediction may soon be checked against experimental measurements.
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Marchildon, L., Antippa, A.F. The one-way propagation of light near the surface of the earth in metric theories of gravity. Nuov Cim B 107, 153–166 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02722913
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02722913