Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen kieferorthopädischer Behandlung und Myoarthropathien des Kausystems?

Teil 1: Klinische Studien

Orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders: Is there a relationship?

Part 1: Clinical studies

  • Übersichtsartikel
  • Published:
Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Obwohl sich die zahnärztliche Literatur schon seit längerer Zeit mit der Frage eines möglichen Zusammenhangs zwischen kieferorthopädischer Behandlung und Myoarthropathien (MAP) des Kausystems beschäftigt, sind entsprechende klinisch-epidemiologische Studien erst seit relativ kurzer Zeit vorhanden. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, auf der Grundlage der seit 1989 veröffentlichten Studien zur dieser Thematik folgende Fragen zu beantworten. 1. Birgt die kieferorthopädische Behandlung ein erhöhtes Risiko, eine MAP des Kausystems zu entwickeln? 2. Hat die Extraktion von Prämolaren im Rahmen eines kieferorthopädischen Behandlungsplans ein erhöhtes MAP-Risiko zur Folge? 3. Kann umgekehrt eine kieferorthopädische Behandlung dem Auftreten von MAP vorbeugen, oder können vorhandene MAP-Beschwerden durch kieferor-thopädische Maßnahmen kuriert werden? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen führten wir eine Literaturrecherche in der Literaturdatenbank MEDLINE durch, die durch eine manuelle Recherche in ausgewählten Fachzeitschriften komplettiert wurde. Wir fanden 21 Veröffentlichungen von Studien zum Themenkomplex kieferorthopädischer Behandlung und Myoarthropathien. Die Ergebnisse unserer Analyse können wie folgt zusammengefaßt werden: 1. Eine in der Jugend durch-geführte kieferorthopädische Behandlung hat keine Auswirkungen auf das Risiko, später MAP-Beschwerden zu entwickeln. Es liegen keine Anhaltspunkte dafür vor, daß die Anwendung eines bestimmten kieferorthopädischen Behandlungsmittels das Risiko erhöht, MAP des Kausystems zu entwickeln. 2. Ebensowenig wird dieses Risiko durch die Extraktion von Zähnen als Teil eines kieferorthopädischen Behandlungsplans erhöht. 3. Bislang liegen keine überzeugenden Hinweise dafür vor, daß eine kieferorthopädische Behandlung der Entwicklung von MAP des Kausystems vorbeugen kann; eine mögliche Ausnahme stellt eventuell die Korrektur eines einseitigen posterioren Kreuzbisses bei Kindern dar. Es sind keine Anhaltspunkte dafür vorhanden, daß MAP durch kieferorthopädische Maßnahmen kuriert werden können.

Summary

The relationship between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has long been of interest to the practicing orthodontist, but only during the last decade or so have a significant number of methodologicallysound clinical studies been conducted that have investigated this association. The aim of this paper is to critically review particularly those studies that have been published since 1989 and to answer the following questions: 1. Does orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances lead to a greater incidence of TMD? 2. Does the extraction of premolars as part of an orthodontic treatment plan result in a greater incidence of TMD? 3. Does orthodontic treatment prevent or cure TMD? For this purpose, we conducted a MEDLINE search, complemented by a handsearch in selected journals. We found 21 publications of studies related to the orthodontic-TMD interface. Based on these studies, the following statements can be made: 1. Orthodontic treatment performed during adolescence does not increase or decrease the chances of developing TMD later in life. There is no evidence of an elevated risk for TMD associated with any particular type of orthodontic mechanics. 2. The extraction of teeth as part of an orthodontic treatment plan does not increase the risk of TMD. 3. Thus far, there is no compelling evidence that orthodontic treatment prevents TMD, although the role of unilateral posterior crossbite correction in children may warrabt further investigation. Likewise, there is no convincing evidence that TMD can be cured by orthodontic treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Årtun, J., L. G. Hollender, E. L. Truelove: Relationship between orthodontic treatment, condylar position, and internal derangement in the temporomandibular joint. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 101 (1992), 48–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Beattie, J. R., D. E. Paquette, L. E. Johnston, Jr.: The functional impact of extraction and nonextraction treatments: a long-term comparison in patients with “borderline”, equally susceptible class II malocclusions. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 105 (1994), 444–449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Berg, R.: Prinzipien der orthodontischen Behandlung von Klasse-II/1-Malokklusionen mit Prämolarenextraktion. Inf. Orthodont. Kieferorthop. 19 (1987), 353–359.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Blaschke, D. D., T. J. Blaschke: Normal TMJ bony relationships in centric occlution. J. dent. Res. 60 (1981), 98–104.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Broadbent, J. M.: Second molar removal, third molar replacement. Funct. Orthodont. 3 (1986), 37–39.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Covey, E. J.: The effects of bicuspid extraction orthodontics on TMJ dysfunction. Funct. Orthodont. 7 (1990), 1–2.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Dahl, B. L., B. S. Krogstad, B. Øgaard, T. Eckersberg: Signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders in two groups of 19-year-old individuals, one treated orthodontically and the other not. Acta odont. scand. 46 (1988), 89–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Dausch-Neumann, D.: Die Extraktionstherapie im Wandel der Zeit. Dtsch. zahnärztl. Z. 41 (1986), 92–99.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Deng, Y. M., M. K. Fu, U. Hagg: Prevalence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) in Chinese children and adolescents. A cross-sectional epidemiological study. Europ. J. Orthodont. 17 (1995), 305–309.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Dibbets, J. M., L. T. van der Weele: Orthodontic treatment in relation to symptoms attributed to dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint. A 10-year report of the University of Groningen study. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 91 (1987), 193–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Dibbets, J. M., L. T. van der Weele: Extraction, orthodontic treatment, and craniomandibular dysfunction. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 99 (1991), 210–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Dibbets, J. M., L. T. van der Weele: Long-term effects of orthodontic treatment including extraction, on signs and symptoms attributed to CMD. Europ. J. Orthodont. 14 (1992), 16–20.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Dibbets, J. M., L. T. van der Weele, H. P. Meng: Zusammenhänge zwischen Kieferorthopädie und Kiefergelenksfysfunktion. Literaturübersicht und longitudinale Untersuchung. Schweiz. Mschr. Zahnmed. 103 (1993), 162–168.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Egermark, I., B. Thilander: Craniomandibular disorders with special reference to orthodontic treatment: an evaluation from childhood to adulthood. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 101 (1992), 28–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Egermark-Eriksson, I., G. E. Carlsson, B. Ingervall: Prevalence of mandibular dysfunction and orofacial parafunction in 7-, 11- and 15-year-old Swedish children. Europ. J. Orthodont. 3 (1981), 163–172.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Egermark-Eriksson, I., G. E. Carlsson, T. Magnusson, B. Thilander: A longitudinal study on malocclusion in relation to signs and symptoms of cranio-mandibular disorders in children and adolescents. Europ. J. Orthodont. 12 (1990), 399–407.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Farrar, W. B., W. L. McCarty, Jr. A clinical outline of temporomandibular joint diagnosis and treatment. Normandie Publ., Montgomery, AL 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ford, J. W., W. F. Ford: Cephalometric appraisal of a treated mandibular displacement case in an adult patient. Amer. J. Orthodont. 36 (1946), 222–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Gianelly, A. A., C. K. Anderson, J. Boffa: Longitudinal evaluation of condylar position in extraction and nonextraction treatment. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 100 (1991), 416–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Gianelly, A. A., M. Cozzani, J. Boffa: Condylar position and maxillary first premolar extraction. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 99 (1991), 473–476.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Gianelly, A. A., H. M. Hughes, P. Wohlgemuth, G. Gildea: Condylar position and extraction treatment. Am. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 93 (1988), 201–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Griffiths, R. H.: The president's conference on the examination, diagnosis and management of temporomandibular disorders. American Dental Association, Chicago 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Helkimo, M.: Studies on function and dysfunction of the masticatory system. IV. Age and sex distribution of symptoms of dysfunction of the masticatory system in Lapps in the north of Finland. Acta odont. scand. 32 (1974), 255–267.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Hertrich, K.: Zur Behandlung von Myoarthropathien mit funktionskieferorthopädischen Geräten. J. orofac. Orthop./Fortschr. Kieferorthop. 48 (1987), 516–526.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hirata, R. H., M. W. Heft, B. Hernandez, G. J. King: Longitudinal study of signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in orthodontically treated and nontreated groups. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 101 (1992), 35–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Howard, J. A.: Temporomandibular joint disorders, facial pain, and dental problems in performing artists. In: Sataloff, R. T., A. G. Brandfonbrener, R. J. Lederman (eds.): Textbook of performing arts medicine. Raven Press, New York 1991, p. 111–169.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Janson, I., A. Hasund: Cephalometric guidance for the positioning of the lower incisors. Europ. J. Orthodont. 3 (1981), 237–240.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Janson, I., A. Hasund: Functional problems in orthodontic patients out of retention. Europ. J. Orthodont. 3 (1981), 173–179.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Katzberg, R. W., D. A. Keith, W. R. Ten Eick, W. C. Guralnick: Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint: an assessment of condylar position in centric occlusion. J. prosthet. Dent. 49 (1983), 250–254.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Katzberg, R. W., P. L. Westesson, R. H. Tallents, C. M. Drake: Orthodontics and temporomandibular joint internal derangement. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 109 (1996), 515–520.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Keller, D.: TMJ orthodontics. Funct. Orthodont. 13 (1996), 4–6, 8–12, 14, 16–17.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Kremenak, C. R., D. D. Kinser, H. A. Harman, C. C. Menard, J. R. Jakobsen: Orthodontic risk factors for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). I: Premolar extractions. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 101 (1992), 13–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Kremenak, C. R., D. D. Kinser, T. J. Melcher, G. R. Wright, S. D. Harrison, R. R. Ziaja, H. A. Harman, J. N. Ordahl, J. G. Demro, C. C. Menard. Orthodontics as a risk factor for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). II. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 101 (1992), 21–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kundinger, K. K., B. P. Austin, L. V. Christensen, S. J. Donegan, D. J. Ferguson: An evaluation of temporomandibular joints and jaw muscles after orthodontic treatment involving premolar extractions. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 100 (1991), 110–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Larsson, E., A. Rönnerman: Mandibular dysfunction symptoms in orthodontically treated patients ten years after the completion of treatment. Europ. J. Orthodont. 3 (1981), 89–94.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Loft, G. H., J. M. Reynolds, J. D. Zwemer, W. O. Thompson, J. Dushku: The occurrence of craniomandibular symptoms in healthy young adults with and without prior orthodontic treatment. Fac. Orthop. temporomand. Arthrol. 5 (1988), 18–19.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Luecke, P. E. D., L. E. Johnston, Jr.: The effect of maxillary first premolar extraction and incisor retraction on mandibular position: testing the central dogma of “functional orthodontics”. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 101 (1992), 4–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Luppanapornlarp, S., L. E. Johnston, Jr.: The effects of premolar-extraction: a long-term comparison of outcomes in “clear-cut” extraction and non-extraction class II patients. Angle Orthodont. 63 (1993), 257–272.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Magnusson, T.: Five-year longitudinal study of signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction in adolescents. J. craniomand. Pract. 4 (1986), 338–344.

    Google Scholar 

  40. McNamara, J. A., Jr., D. A. Seligman, J. P. Okeson: The relationship of occlusal factors and orthodontic treatment to temporomandibular disorders. In: Sessle, B. J., P. S. Bryant, R. A. Dionne (eds.): Temporomandibular disorders and related pain conditions, Vol. 4. IASP Press, Seattle 1995, p. 399–427.

    Google Scholar 

  41. McNamara, J. A., Jr., D. A. Seligman, J. P. Okeson: Orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders. Oral Surg. oral Med. oral path. oral Radiol. Endod. 83 (1997), 107–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Mintz, S. S.: Craniomandibular dysfunction in children and adolescents: a review. J. craniomand. Pract. 11 (1993), 224–231.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Motegi, E., H. Miyazaki, I. Ogura, H. Konishi, M. Sebata. An orthodontic study of temporomandibular joint disorders. Part 1: Epidemiological research in Japanese 6–18 year olds. Angle Orthodont. 62 (1992), 249–256.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. National Institutes of Health: Management of temporomandibular disorders (consensus paper). NIH Technology Assessment Conference. NIH, Bethesda, MD 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Neumann, D.: Die Funktion des Kiefergelenkes-unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Behandlungsfällen deformierender Arthropathie. J. orofac. Orthop./Fortschr. Kieferorthop. 19 (1958), 48–59.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Nielsen, L., B. Melsen, S. Terp: TMJ function and the effects on the masticatory system on 14–16 year-old Danish children in relation to orthodontic treatment. Europ. J. Orthodont. 12 (1990), 254–262.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Nilner, M.: Functional disturbances and diseases of the stomatognathic system. A cross-sectional study. J. Pedod. 10 (1986), 211–238.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Nilner, M.: Epidemiologic studies in TMD. In: McNeill, C. (ed.): Current controversies in temporomandibular disorders. Quintessence, Chicago 1992, p. 21–26.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Nydell, A., M. Helkimo, G. Koch: Craniomandibular disorders in children-a critical review of the literature. Swed. dent. J. 18 (1994), 191–205.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. O'Connor, B. M.: Contemporary trends in orthodontic practice: a national survey. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 103 (1993), 163–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Olsson, M., B. Lindqvist: Mandibular function before and after orthodontic treatment. Europ. J. Orthodont. 17 (1995), 205–214.

    Google Scholar 

  52. O'Reilly, M. T., D. J. Rinchuse, J. Close: Class II elastics and extractions and temporomandibular disorders: a longitudinal prospective study. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 103 (1993), 459–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Pancherz, H.: The Herbst appliance-its biologic effects and clinical use. Amer. J. Orthodont. 87 (1985), 1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Paquette, D. E., J. R. Beattie, L. E. Johnston, Jr.: A long-term comparison of nonextraction and premolar extraction edgewise therapy in “borderline” class II patients. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 102 (1992), 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Petersohn, I.: Die Anwendung kieferorthopädischer Apparate bei Kiefergelenkbeschwerden. Zahnärztl. Welt/Zahnärztl. Rundsch. 81 (1972), 628–635.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Pollack, B.: Cases of note: Michigan jury awards $ 850,000 in ortho case: a tempest in a teapot. J. Mich. dent. Ass. 70 (1988), 540–542.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Proffit, W. R.: Forty-year review of extraction frequencies at a university orthodontic clinic. Angle Orthodont. 64 (1994), 407–414.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Pullinger, A. G., L. Hollender, W. K. Solberg, A. Petersson. A tomographic study of mandibular condyle postition in an asymptomatic population. J. prosthet. Dent. 53 (1985), 706–713.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Pullinger, A. G., D. A. Seligman, J. A. Gornbein. A multiple logistic regression analysis of the risk and relative odds of temporomandibular disorders as a function of common occlusal features. J. dent. Res. 72 (1993), 968–979.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Ren, Y. F., A. Isberg, P. L. Westesson: Condyle position in the temporomandibular joint. Comparison between asymptomatic volunteers with normal disk position and patients with disk displacement. Oral Surg. oral Med. oral Path. oral Radiol. Endod. 80 (1995), 101–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Rendell, J. K., L. A. Norton, T. Gay: Orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular joint disorders. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 101 (1992), 84–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Reynders, R. M.: Orthodontics and temporomandibular disorders: A review of the literature (1966–1988). Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 97 (1990). 463–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Ricketts, R. M.: Laminagraphy in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders. J. Amer. dent. Ass. 46 (1953), 620–648.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Runge, M. E., C. Sadowsky, E. I. Sakols, E. A. BeGole: The relationship between temporomandibular joint sounds and malocclusion. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 96 (1989), 36–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Sadowsky, C., E. A. BeGole: Long-term status of temporomandibular joint function and functional occlusion after orthodontic treatment. Amer. J. Orthodont. 78 (1980), 201–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Sadowsky, C., A. M. Polson: Temporomandibular disorders and functional occlusion after orthodontic treatment: results of two long-term studies. Amer. J. Orthodont. 86 (1984), 386–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Sadowsky, C., T. A. Theisen, E. I. Sakols. Orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular joint sounds-a longitudinal study. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 99 (1991), 441–447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Schopf, P.: Curriculum Kieferorthopädie. Quintessenz, Berlin 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Smith, A., T. J. Freer: Post-orthodontic occlusal function. Aust. dent. J. 34 (1989), 301–309.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Spahl, T. J.: The 10 great laws of orthodontics. Part I: Laws I–V. Funct. Orthodont. 12(4) (1995), 14–18, 20–21, 24–26, 28–29.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Stack, B.: Orthopedic/orthodontic case finishing techniques on TMJ patients. Funct. Orthodont. 2 (1985), 28–35, 43–44.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Staggers, J. A.: Vertical changes following first premolar extractions. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 105 (1994), 19–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Stahr, R.: Über funktionsorthopädische Behandlung deformierender Kiefergelenkserkrankungen. Dtsch. zahnärztl. Z. 1 (1946), 455–458.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Tanne, K., E. Tanaka, M. Sakuda: Association between malocclusion and temporomandibular disorders in orthodontic patients before treatment. J. orofac. Pain 7 (1993), 156–162.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Thilander, B.: Treatment in the mixed dentition with special regard to the indications for orthodontic treatment. Trans. Europ. Orthodont. Soc. 51th congress (1975), 215–228.

  76. Thilander, B.: Temporomandibular joint problems in children. In: Carlson, D. S., J. A. McMamara, Jr., K. A. Ribbens (eds.): Temporomandibular joint disorders, Vol. 16. Center for Human Growth and Development, Ann Arbor, MI 1985, p. 89–104.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Thilander, B.: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction in children. In: Graber, L. W. (ed.) Orthodontics: state of the art, essence of the science. Mosby, St. Louis 1986, p. 343–351.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Thilander, B., S. Wahlund, B. Lennartsson: The effect of early interceptive treatment in children with posterior crossbite. Europ. J. Orthodont. 6 (1984), 25–34.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Troelstrup, B., E. Møller: Electromyography of the temporalis and masseter muscles in children with unilateral crossbite. Scand. J. dent. Res. 78 (1970), 425–430.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Türp, J. C., J. A. McNamara, Jr., C. S. Stohler: Orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders: is there a relationship? Part II: Clinical aspects. J. orofac. Orthop./Fortschr. Kieferorthop. 58 (1997) (in press).

  81. Wadhwa, L., A. Utreja, A. Tewari: A study of clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction in subjects with normal occlusion, untreated, and treated malocclusions. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 103 (1993), 54–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Weintraub, J. A., P. S. Vig, C. Brown, C. J. Kowalski: The prevalence of orthodontic extractions. Amer. J. Orthodont, dentofac. Orthop. 96 (1989), 462–466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Williamson, E. H.: Temporomandibular dysfunction in pretreatment adolescent patients. Amer. J. Orthodont. 72 (1977), 429–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Wilson, H. E.: Extraction of second permanent molars in orthodontic treatment. Orthodontist 3 (1971), 18–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Witt, E.: Zahnextraktion im Rahmen der Kieferorthopädie. In: Schmuth, G. (ed.): Kieferorthopädie II. Praxis der Zahnheilkunde, Bd. 12. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München 1992, p. 127–170.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Witzig, J. W., T. J. Spahl: The clinical management of basic maxillofacial orthopedic appliances, Vol. III: Temporomandibular joint. Mosby, St. Louis 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Witzig, J. W., I. M. Yerkes: Functional jaw orthopedics: mastering more than technique. In: Gelb, H. (ed.): Clinical management of head, neck and TMJ pain and dysfunction. Saunders, Philadelphia 1985, p. 598–618.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Wunderer, H.: Kiefergelenkbeschwerden und Funktionskieferorthopädie. J. orofac. Orthop./Fortschr. Kieferorthop. 23 (1962), 228–231.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Wyatt, W. E.: Preventing adverse effects on the temporomandibular joint through orthodontic treatment. Amer. J. Orthodont. dentofac. Orthop. 91 (1987), 493–499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

    J. A. McNamara

  2. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

    J. A. McNamara

  3. Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

    J. A. McNamara

  4. Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

    J. C. Türp

Authors
  1. J. A. McNamara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. C. Türp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

McNamara, J.A., Türp, J.C. Besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen kieferorthopädischer Behandlung und Myoarthropathien des Kausystems?. J Orofac Orthop/Fortschr Kieferorthop 58, 74–89 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02716957

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02716957

Search

Navigation