Abstract
Earthquakes in Turkey are frequently occurring disasters, causing much loss of life and property. It is tragic indeed that earthquakes should share the agenda with amnesty laws for illegal buildings. Illegal buildings are those constructed without authorization, legal bureaucratic sanction and, in most cases, without normal engineering control and checks. Buildings may become illegal for a variety of reasons. The very prospect of a waiver bill for illegal buildings spurs further illegal construction. The status of illegal buildings may legally change in time. What is an illegal building today may well be legal tomorrow under these circumstances.
The present study deals with two different kinds of building: one is the framed building and the other has shear-wall frame. The capacity ratios, storey drifts and natural periods for the legally approved buildings and the effects of illegal or legal additional floors on these values are compared. It is determined that these buildings with illegal storeys should be strengthened and retrofitted by providing cast in-situ reinforced concrete shear walls.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chopra A K 1995Dynamics of structures: Theory and applications to earthquake engineering (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall)
Computers & Structures 2000 ACI318-99 adapted with TS500 building code. Computers & Structures, Inc. http://www.comp-engineering.com/ETABManT.htm
ETABS 2000 Building analysis and design software users manual non-linear v7, Computers and Structures Inc. http://www.comp-engineering.com/ETABManT.htm
ETABS 2001 non-linear v7.19, Building analysis and design software. Computers and Structures Inc., Berkeley, CA
Fardis M N 2003 Seismic assessment and retrofitting of existing buildings according to Eurocode 8. Invited lecture.Fifth Natl. Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Turkish Earthquake Foundation, Istanbul, Turkey
Kahraman S, Misir S 2004 Structural effects of floors added out of project (in Turkish).Proc. 17th Technical Congress and Exhibition (Istanbul: Turkish Chamber of Civil Eng.) pp 112–114 (abstract) (full text available on CD)
TS498 1997 Design loads for buildings, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara
TS500 2000 Requirements for design and construction of reinforced concrete structures, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara
Turkish Earthquake Specification 1998 Specification for structures to be built in disaster areas. Ministry of Public Works Settlement, Government of Republic of Turkey (issued on 2.9.1997, effective from 1.1.1998, amended on 2.7.1998)
Utku M, Wasti S T 1997 In-situ strengthening of reinforced concrete buildings damaged in the Dinar earthquake.Fourth Nat. Conf. on Earthquake Engineering (Ankara: Turkish Natl. Committee for Earthquake Eng.) pp 220–229
Wilson E L 1998Three dimensional static and dynamic analysis of structures (Berkeley, CA: Computers & Structures)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kahraman, S., Saatci, A. & Misir, S. Effects of adding illegal storeys to structural systems. Sadhana 31, 515–526 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02715910
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02715910