Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Gemcitabina como radiosensibilizante en el carcinoma no microcítico de pulmón

Gemcitabine as radio-sensitising a gent in non-small cell lung cancer

  • Revisiones
  • Published:
Revista de Oncología Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Resumen

El tratamiento estándar del carcinoma no microcítico de pulmón (CNMP) localmente avanzado inoperable es la combinación de quimioterapia y radioterapia tanto de forma secuencial como concurrente. Para aumentar el control locorregional se utilizan radiosensibilizantes que son agentes quimioterápicos que potencian el efecto biológico de la radiación sobre las células tumorales a dosis menores de las usadas habitualmente. Este trabajo es una revisión de la literatura sobre los estudiosin vitro ein vivo de la combinación de gemcitabina con radioterapia, estudios de viabilidad, ensayos pilotos y ensayos fase I y II, en el CNMP localmente avanzado inoperable.

Abstract

The treatment of locally advanced non-resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy; whether in sequence or concurrent. Radiation sensitising agents can be used to improve loco-regional control based on the ability of some chemotherapy drugs to enhance the effect of the radiotherapy on tumor cells, while using lower-than-usual doses. This is a review of the literature and of differentin vitro andin vivo studies that have used the combination of gemcitabine and radiotherapy. Also included are feasibility studies, pilot tests, and phase I and II trials in the treatment of non-resectable locally advanced NSCLC.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliografía

  1. Plunkett W, Huang P, Gandhi V. Preclinical characteristics of gemcitabine. Anticancer Drugs 1995;6(Suppl 6):7–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Heinemann V, Xu YZ, Chubb S, et al. Cellular elimination of 2′,2′-difluorodeoxycytidine 5′-triphosphate: a mechanism of self-potentiation. Cancer Res 1992;52(3):533–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Huang P, Chubb S, Hertel LW, Grindey GB, Plunkett W. Action of 2′,2′-difluorodeoxycytidine on DNA synthesis. Cancer Res 1991;51(22):610–7.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Hellman S. Principles of cancer management: chemotherapy. En: De Vita, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, editors. Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology. 6a ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001: p. 265–88.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Shewach DS, Hahn TM, Chang E, Hertel LW, Lawrence, T. Metabolism of 2′,2′-difluoro-2′-deoxycytidine and radiation sensitization of human colon carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 1994;54(12):3218–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Lawrence TS, Eisbruch A, Shewach DS. Gemcitabinemediated radiosensitization. Sem Oncol 1997;24(Suppl 7): 24–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Lawrence TS, Yang SL, Hahn TM, et al. Radiosensitization of pancreatic cancer cells by 2′,2′-difluoro-2′-deoxycytidine. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996;34:867–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhang XL, Yang SL, Ashamalla H, Rafla S. Gemcitabine induced radiosensitization of human breast cancer cells. Pro ASCO 1998;17:A1732.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Robinson BW, Shewach DS. Radiosensitization by gemcitabine in p53 wild-type and mutant MCF-7, breast carcinoma cell lines. Clin Cancer Res 2001;7(8):2581–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Rosier JF, Beauduin M, Bruniaux M, et al. The effect of 2′-2′difluorodeoxycytidine (dFdC, gemcitabine) on radiation-induced cell lethality in two human head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines differing in intrinsic radiosensitivity. Int J Rad Biol 1999;75:245–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Rosier JF, Hondekin JC, Bruniaux M, et al. Intracellular metabolism of dFdC (gemcitabine) as a mechanism of radioenhancement in two human head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines. Radiother Oncol 2000; 56(Suppl 1):S114.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Mose S, Karapetian M, Juling-Pohlit L, et al. Radiation enhancement of gemcitabine in two human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Anticancer Res 2000;20:401–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Mose S, Class R, Weber HW, et al. Enhancement of radiation effect by gemcitabine-mediated cell cycle modulations. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001;51(3 Suppl 1):188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Gene M, Stalpers LJA, Haveman, J, et al. The response of human glioblastoma cell lines and spheroids to irradiation and gemcitaine. Radiother Oncol 2000;56(Suppl 1): S26.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lawrence TS, Davis MA, Hough A, Rehemtulla A. The role of apoptosis in 2′,2′-difluoro-2′-deoxycytidine (gemcitabine)-mediated radiosensitization. Clin Cancer Res 2001;7(2):226–8.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mason KA, Milas L, Hunter NR, et al. Maximizing therapeutic gain with gemcitabine and fractionated radiation. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 1999;44(5):1125–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Fields MT, Eisbruch A, Normolle D, et al. Radiosensitization producedin vivo by once- vs. twiceweekly 2′2′difluoro-2′-deoxycytidine (gemcitabine). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000;47:785–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Milas L, Fujii T, Hunter N, et al. Enhancement of tumor radioresponse in vivo by gemcitabine. Cancer Res 1999; 59(1):107–14.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Rockwell S, Grindey GB. Effect of 2′2′-difluorodeoxicytydine on the viability and radiosensitivity of EMT6 cellsin vitro. Oncol Res 1992;4:151–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Loprevite M, Favoni RE, de Cupis A, et al. Interaction between novel anticancer agents and radiation in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Lung Cancer 2001;33:27–39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Pacini S, Milano F, Pinzani P, et al. Effects of gemcitabine in normal and transformed human lung cell cultures: Cytotoxicity and increase in radiation sensitivity. Tumori 1999;85:503–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Symon Z, Davis M, McGinn CJ, Zalupski MM, Lawrence TS. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin for pancreatic cancer: from the laboratory to the clinic. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002;53:140–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Latz D, Fleckenstein K, Eble M, Blatter J, Wannenmacher M, Weber KJ. Radiosensitizing potential of gemcitabine (2′,2′-difluoro-2′-deoxycytidine) within the cell cyclein vitro. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998;41(4):875–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Tseng WC, Derse D, Cheng YC, Brockman RW, Bennett LL Jr.In vitro biological activity of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine and the biochemical actions of its triphosphate on DNA polymerases, and ribonucleotide reductase from HeLa cells. Mol Pharmacol 1982;21:474–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Yang SW, Huang P, Plunkett W, Becker FF, Chan JY. Dual mode of inhibition of purified DNA ligase I from human cells by 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine triphosphate. J Biol Chem 1992;267:2345–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Gregoire V, Beauduin M, Bruniaux M, De Coster B, Octave Prignot M, Scalliet P. Radiosensitization of mouse sarcoma cells by fludarabine (F-ara-A) or gemcitabine (dFdC), two nucleoside analogues, is not mediated by an increased induction or a repair inhibition of DNA double-strand breaks as measured by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Int J Radiat Biol 1998;73(5):511–20

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Lawerence TS, Chang EY, Hahn TM, Shewach DS. Delayed radiosensitization of human colon carcinoma cells after a brief exposure to 2′,2′-difluoro-2′-deoxycytidine (Gemcitabine). Clin Cancer Res 1997;3(5):777–82.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Putten van JWG, Groen HJM, Smid K, et al. Endjoining deficiency and radiosensitization induced by gemcitabine [in press]. Cancer Res 2001.

  29. Gregoire V, Hittelman WN, Rosier J-F, et al. Chemo-radiotherapy: radiosensitizing analogues. Oncol Rep 1999; 6:949–57.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Pauwels B, Korst A, De Pooter C, et al. The concentration-dependency of the radiosensitising effect of gemcitabine and the influence of the rescue agent amifostinein vitro. Eur J Cancer 2001;37(Suppl. 6):200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Shewach DS, Lawrence TS. Radiosensitization in human solid tumor cell lines with gemcitabine. Semin Oncol 1996;23(Suppl 10):65–71.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Blackstock AW. Iwice weekly gemcitabine and concurrent radiation: laboratory studies supporting phase I clinical trials in pancreatic cancer. Can Conf 1999;3:2–6.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Veerman G, Ruiz van Haperen VWT, Vermorken JB, et al. Antitumor activity of prolonged as compared with bolus administration of 2′,2′-difluorodeoxycytidinein vivo against murine colon tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1996;38:335–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Braakhuis BJM, Ruiz van Haperen VWT, Boven E, Veerman G, Peters GJ. Schedule-dependent antitumor effect of gemcitabine inin vivo model systems. Semin Oncol 1995;(Suppl 11):42–62.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Joschko MA, Webster LK, Groves J, et al. Enhancement of radiation-induced regrowth delay by gemcitabine in a human tumor xenograft model. Radiat Oncol Investig 1997;5:62–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Blackstock AW, Lightfoot H, Kwock L, Leadon SA, Hess S, Tepper JE. Gemcitabine:In vitro andin vivo evidence of its radiation sensitizing activity and studies using fluorine-19 magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the optimal dosing schedule: Preclinical observations relevant to gemcitabine clinical trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997;39:205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Gregoire V, Beauduin M, Rosier JF, et al. Kinetics of mouse jejunum radiosensitization by 2′,2′-difluorode-oxycytidine (gemcitabine) and its relationship with pharmacodynamis of DNA synthesis inhibition and cell cycle redistribution in crypt cells. Br J Cancer 1997;76:1315–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Fujii T, Hunter N, Elshaikh M, et al. Gemcitabine improves the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy in mouse tumors after single dose irradiation [abstract]. In Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Radiation Research Society, 3–7 May 1997, Providence, RI, p. 229.

  39. Fosella RV, Zinner RG, Komaki R, et al. Gemcitabine with concurrent chest radiation followed by consolidation gemcitabine plus cisplatin: A Phase I trial for patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Eur J Cancer 2001;37(Suppl 6):S53–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Trodella L, Granone P, Valente S, et al. Phase I Trial of Weekly Gemcitabine and Concurrent Radiotherapy in Patients With Inoperable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:804–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Cesario A, Margaritora S, Trodella L, et al. Incidental surgical findings of a phase I trial of weekly gemcitabine and concurrent Radiotherapy in patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2002;37:207–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Van Putten JWG, Price A, van der Leest AHD, Gregor A, Little FA, Groen HJM. A Phase I study of gemcitabine with concurrent radiotherapy in stage III, locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Can Res 2003; 9:2472–7.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Scalliet P, Goor C, Galdermans D, et al. Gemzar with thoracic radiotherapy—a phase II pilot study in chemonaive patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer [abstract 1923]. Pro ASCO 1998;17.

  44. González E, Sánchez-Rovira P, Jaén A, et al. Phase I study concomitant gemcitabine with radiotherapy in stage III NSCLC. Eur J Cancer 1999;35(Suppl 4):A1054.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Zinner R, Fossella FV, Komaki R, et al. Phase I trial of concurrent gemcitabine plus chest radiotherapy followed by consolidation systemic chemotherapy with G plus cisplatin for patients with stage III and medically inoperable stage II non-small-cell lung cancer [abstract 1798]. Pro ASCO 1999.

  46. Salinas J, Serna A, de la Fuente I, de las Heras M, García R, Fernández J. Gemcitabina como radiosensibilizante en el carcinoma no microcítico de pulmón estadio III. Estudio fase I–II en pacientes con quimioterapia neoadyuvante. Rev Oncol 2001;3(Suppl 1):163.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Zajusz A, Zielonka I, Sygula D, et al. Concurrent thoracic radiotherapy and weekly gemcitabine in an advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Radiother Oncol 2000; 56(Suppl 1):S66.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Athanasiou E, Cygias G, Boinis K, et al. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with gemcitabine for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: preliminary results of a phase II study [abstract 468]. European Society for Medical Oncology 1998.

  49. Eisbruch A, Shewach DS, Urba S, et al. Phase I trial of radiation concurrent with low dose gemcitabine for head and neck cancer: high mucosal and pharyngeal toxicity. Pro ASCO 1997;16:386A.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Eisbruch A, Shewach DS, Bradford CR, et al. Radiation concurrent with gemcitabine for locally advanced head and neck cancer: a phase I trial and intracellular drug incorporation study. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:792–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Wildfang I, Raub M, Güner SA, Issing PH, Schmoll HJ, Karstens JH. Low-Dose Gemcitabine with Radiotherapy in Advanced Head and Neck and Thyroid Tumors: A Phase II Study. Pro ASCO 1999;18:A1771.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Jaremtchuk V, Zarba JJ, Keropian M, Castagnino R, Gozalez Jazey P. Phase I study of gemcitabine combined with radiotherapy with or without amifostine in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer. Pro ASCO 2000;19:A1674.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Mebis J, Schrijvers D, van den Weyngaert D, et al. Phase II study of radiation and gemcitabine in patients with head and neck cancer. Pro ASCO 2002; A2574.

  54. Nanfro JJ. Phase I dosing of gemcitabine and concurrent involved field irradiation in patients with localized pancreatic carcinomas. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:2208–12.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Mohiuiddin M, Hurdrimoti M, Regine P, et al. Concurrent infusional gemcitabine and radiation in the treatment of advanced unresectable GI malignancy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999;45(Suppl):204.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Wolff RA, Evans DB, Gravel DM, et al. Phase I trial of gemcitabine combined with radiation for the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2001;7:2246–53.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Kudrimoti M, Regine W, John W, Hanna N, Mohiuddin M. Concurrent Infusional Gemcitabine and Radiation in the Treatment of Advanced Unresectable GI Malignancy: A Phase I/II Study. Pro ASCO 1999;18:A928.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Abad A, Arellano A, Brunet J, et al. Gemcitabine plus radiotherapy in stage II–III pancreatic cancer: a phase I trial. Ann Oncol 1998;9(Suppl 4):A253.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Maurer U, Stegmeier P, Bolte R, et al. Gemcitabine in combination radiation therapy in stage III–IV pancreatic cancer: first results of a current phase I study. Eur J Cancer 1999;35(Suppl 4):A544.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Epelbaum R, Rosenblatt E, Nasrallah S, et al. A phase II study of gemcitabine combined with radiation therapy in patients with localized unresectable pancreatic cancer. Pro ASCO 2000;19:A1029.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Epelbaum R, Rosenblatt E, Nasrallah S, et al. Phase II study of gemcitabine combined with radiation therapy in patients with localized, unresectable pancreatic cancer. J Surg Oncol 2002;81:138–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Reyes-Vidal JM, Rodríguez PA, Reyes J, et al. Chemoradiation therapy with gemcitabine (GEM) in advanced pancreatic cancer. Pro ASCO 2000;19:A1183.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Ikeda M, Okada S, Tokuuye K, Ueno H, Okusaka T. A phase I trial or weekly gemcitabine and concurrent Radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2002;86:1551–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. Pattaranutaporn P, Thirapakawong C, Chansilpa Y, et al. Phase II study of concurrent gemcitabine and radiotherapy in locally advanced stage IIIB cervical carcinoma. Gynecologic Oncology 2001;81:404–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Throuvalas N, Antonadou D, Pantelakos P, Lisiaos G, Bakiras A. Early results of concurrent radiochemotherapy with gemcitabine in locally advanced bladder cancer. Pro ASCO 2002;A2412.

  66. Lund B, Ryberg M, Petersen PM, Anderson H, Thatcher N, Dombernowsky P. Phase II study of gemcitabine (2′,2′-difluorodeoxycytidine) given as a twice weekly schedule to previously untreated patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 1994;5:852–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Blackstock AW, Richards FR, Lovelace JR, et al. Twice-Weekly Gemcitabine and Concurrent Thoracic Radiotherapy—A Phase I/II Study in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pro ASCO 1999;18:A1918.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Blackstock AW, Lesser GJ, Fletcher-Steede J, et al. Phase I study of twice-weekly gemcitabine and concurrent thoracic radiation for patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 2001;51:1281–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Blanco R, Sole J, Nogue M, et al. Phase I multicentric study of concurrent chemoradiation with twice-weekly gemcitabine after induction chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine in unresectable stage III non small cell lung cancer. Pro ASCO 2002;21:A1310.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Zwitter M. Gemcitabine, cisplatin and hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy for IIIB NSCLC: a phase I–II trial. Pro ASCO 2002;A1308.

  71. Blackstock AW, Bernard SA, Richards F, et al. Phase I trial of twice-weekly gemcitabine and concurrent radiation in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:2208–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Blackstock AW, Tempero MA, Niedwiecki D, et al. Cancer and leukemia group B (CALGB) 89805: phase II chemoradiation trial using gemcitabine in patients with locoregional adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Pro ASCO 2001;20:158a.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Pipas MJ, Mitchell SE, Barth RJ, et al. Phase I study of twice-weekly gemcitabine and concomitant external beam radiotherapy in patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001;50:1317–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Kachnic LA, Mornex F, Partensky C, et al. Phase 11 trial of twic-weekly gemcitabine and concurrent radiation for the treatment of resected pancreatic cancer: Pro ASCO 2001.

  75. Yavuz AA, Aydin F, Yavuz MN, Ilis E, Ozdemir F. Radiation therapy and concurrent fixed dose amifostine with escalating doses of twice-weekly gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001;51:974–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Vokes EE. Induction chemotherapy followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. The Oncologist 2001;6(Suppl 1):25–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Vokes EE, Herndon JE, Crawford J, et al. Randomized phase II study of cisplatin with gemcitabine or paclitaxel or vinorelbine as induction chemotherapy followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy for stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer: cancer and leukemia group B study 9431. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:4191–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Goss G, Lochrin C, Perry G, et al. A phase I study of gemcitabine and cisplatin with concurrent curative irradiation in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [abstract 1986]. Pro ASCO 1999.

  79. Varveris C, Lyraraki E, Kachris S, et al. Phase I/II study of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin weekly and concurrent thoracic MV-radiotherapy for patients with stage IIIA/B non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Pro ASCO 2000;19:537.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Spencer SA, Fransicso R, Busby EM: Sequential and concomitant chemo-radiotherapy (CT/RT) with gemcitabine (G)-based chemotherapy (CT) for stage 3A/B non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a phase I/IIA study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001;51(Suppl 1):349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Featherstone CJ, Beale PJ, Fife K, et al. Phase I study of gemcitabine, vinorelbine and radiotherapy in stage IIIB or medically inoperable st I–IIIA NSCLC. Pro ASCO 2002;12:A1339.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Herchenhorn D, Araujo CM, Dias FL, Lima RA, Kligerman J, Rabinowits M. Phase I study of gemcitabine and cisplatin combined with radiotherapy for stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Pro ASCO 2002;A2581.

  83. Brunner TB, Grabenbauer GG, Klein P, et al. Phase I trial of strictly time-scheduled gemcitabine and cisplatin with concurrent radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiol Oncol Biol Phys 2003;55:144–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Crtra. Madrid-Cartagena, s/n, España. El Palmar, 30120, Murcia, España

    Juán Salinas Ramos

  2. Coordinador de Docencia e Investigación, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España

    Fernando Sánchez Gascón

  3. Médico de Investigación Clínica, Oncología, Laboratorios Lilly, S.A., Madrid, España

    Ana Peiro Pozo

  4. Departamento de Información Médica, Laboratorios Lilly, S.A., Madrid, España

    María Tabuenca Cortes

Authors
  1. Juán Salinas Ramos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fernando Sánchez Gascón
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ana Peiro Pozo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. María Tabuenca Cortes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Juán Salinas Ramos.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ramos, J.S., Gascón, F.S., Pozo, A.P. et al. Gemcitabina como radiosensibilizante en el carcinoma no microcítico de pulmón. Rev Oncol 6, 63–72 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02710030

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02710030

Palabras clave

Key words

Search

Navigation