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International trade and factor intensity uniformity: An empirical assessment

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Zusammenfassung

Internationaler Handel und die Einheitlichkeit der Faktorintensitäten. Eine empirische Überprüfung. - Die Vorstellung, daß in allen Ländern die Technologien identisch sind, ist ein Pfeiler der neoklassischen Theorie des internationalen Handels. Empirische Arbeiten verwenden häufig die Produktionsstruktur eines Landes als Näherungswert für die Technologie in allen anderen Ländern. Dagegen behaupten die Autoren, daß die Annahme einheitlicher Faktorintensitäten aus empirischen Gründen nicht gerechtfertigt sei und als Grundlage für theoretische Modelle aufgegeben werden sollte. Sie testen, ob die Faktorintensitäten einheitlich gleich sind, indem sie Input-Output-Daten für die OECD-Länder verwenden. Dann entwickeln sie- als eine Alternative zu den Modellen, die auf einheitlicher Faktorintensität beruhenein dynamisches disaggregiertes ricardianisches Modell, das dazu bestimmt ist, die Beziehung zwischen dem technischen Fortschritt und den Veränderungen in der Zusammensetzung des internationalen Handels zu erfassen.

Résumé

Le commerce international et l’uniformité de l’intensité de facteur-Une évaluation empirique. - L’idée de technologies identiques à travers les pays est un élément considérable de la théorie néoclassique du commerce international. Les analyses empiriques souvent assument la structure de production d’un seul pays comme approximation de la technologie dans tous les autres pays. Dans cette étude, les auteurs trouvent que la supposition d’une intensité de facteur uniforme n’est pas justifiée pour des raisons empiriques et devrait être abandonnée comme une base d'un modèle théorique. En utilisant des données input-output des pays de l’OCED, les auteurs font des tests simples de l’uniformité d’intensité de facteur. Comme alternative aux modèles basés sur l’uniformité de l’intensité de facteur, les auteurs développent un modèle Ricardian dynamique et disaggrégé pour saisir la relation entre le progrès technologique et les changements dans la composition du commerce international.

Resumen

Comercio international y uniformidad de la intensidad de factores. Un estudio empirico. - La noción de la existencia de igual tecnología en todos los países es uno de los pilares de la teoría neoclásica del comercio international. En trabajos empíricos a menudo se adopta la estructura de productión de un país para aproximar la tecnología en todos los demás países. En este trabajo se argumenta que el supuesto de la uniformidad de la intensidad de factores (UIF) no se justifica desde el punto de vista empírico y que debería ser abandonado como fundamento de los modelos teóricos. Se llevan a cabo tests simples de la UIF utilizando datos de insumo producto de los países de la OECD. Se desarrolla un modelo ricardiano dinámico y desagregado, diseñado para capturar la relación entre el cambio tecnológico y los cambios en la compositión del comercio, como una alternativa a los modelos basados en la UIF.

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Elmslie, B., Milberg, W. International trade and factor intensity uniformity: An empirical assessment. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 128, 464–486 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02707362

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