Abstract
Setaria digitata, a filarial parasite of cattle possesses certain unique characteristics like cyanide insensitivity, and lack of cytochromes. In the present study, we have shown that the parasite has an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle with the absence of activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA synthase. However the parasite showed the existence of glyoxylate cycle and phosphoenolpyruvate-succinate pathway. The widely used antifilarial drug diethylcarbamazine caused general inhibition of all enzymes of phosphoenolpyruvate-succinate pathway and glyoxylate cycle except that of fumarase and isocitrate lyase. The results may pave the way for new targets for chemotherapy in the control of filarial parasites.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barrett J 1981Biochemistry of parasitic helminths (London and Basingstoke: Macmillan)
Barrett J 1983 Biochemistry of filarial worms;Helminthol. Abstr. A52 1–18
Behm C A and Bryant C 1976Biochemistry of parasites and host parasite relationships (ed.) H Vanden Bosche (Amsterdam: North Holland and Elsevier)
Bryant C 1989Comparative biochemistry of parasitic helminths (eds) E M Bannet, C A Behm and C Bryant (London: Chapman and Hall)
Bryant C and Behm C A 1989Biochemical adaptation in parasites (New York, London: Chapman and Hall)
Bücher T and Pfleiderer 1955 Pyruvate kinase from muscle;Methods Enzymol. 1 435–440
Chen R F and Plaut G W E 1963 Activation and inhibition of DPN-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase of heart by certain nucleotides;Biochem. J. 2 1023–1032
Dixon G H and Kornberg H L 1959 Assay methods for key enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle;Biochem. J. 72 3P
Englard S and Siegel L 1969 Mitochondrial L Malate dehydrogenase of beef heart;Methods Enzymol. 13 99–106
Hawking F 1978 WHO/ONCHO/78.142.1
Hirsch H M 1952 A comparative study of aconitase, fumarase and DPN-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase in normal and respiratory deficient yeast;Biochim. Biophys. Acta 9 674–686
Holewerda A D and De Zwaan A 1980 On the role of fumarate reductase in anaerobic carbohydrate catabolismof Mytilus edulis;Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B67 447–453
Hussain H, Shukla O P, Ghatak S and Kaushal N A 1990 Enzymes of PEP-succinate pathway inSetaria cervi and effect of anthelmintic drugs;Indian J. Exp. Biol. 28 871–875
Kaleysa Raj R, Puranam R S, Kurup C K R and Ramasharma T 1988 Oxidative activities in mitochondria-like particles fromSetaria digitata, a filarial parasite;Biochem. J. 256 559–564
Kanarek L and Hill R L 1964 The preparation and characterization of fumarase from swine heart muscle;J. Biol. Chem. 239 4202–4206
Kornberg A 1955 Lactate dehydrogenase of muscle;Methods Enzymol. 1 441–443
Lowry O H, Roseborough N J, Farr A L and Randall R J 1951 Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent;J. Biol. Chem. 193 265–275
Ochoa S 1955 Malic enzyme from pigeon liver and wheat germ;Methods Enzymol. 1 739–748
Prichard R K and Schofield P J 1968 A comparative study of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes inFasciola hepatica and rat liver;Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 25 1005–1019
Racker E 1950 Spectrophotometric measurements of the enzymatic formation of fumaric and cis-aconitic acids;Biochim. Biophys. Acta 4 211–214
Ramaley R F, Briger W A, Moyer R W and Boyer P D 1967 The preparation, properties and reactions of succinyl CoA synthetase and its phosphorylated form;J. Biol. Chem. 242 4287–4298
Ramp T, Bachmann R and Köhler P 1985 Respiration and energy conservation in the filarial worm,Litoroosoides carinii;Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 15 11–20
Sanadi D R 1969 α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase from pig heart;Methods Enzymol. 13 52–55
Santhamma K R and Kaleysa Raj R 1990 Quinone mediated ATP production in the filarial parasiteSetaria digitata;Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 167 568–574
Santhamma K R and Kaleysa Raj R 1991a Quinone mediated electron transport system in the filarial parasiteSetaria digitata;Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 174 386–392
Santhamma K R and Kaleysa Raj R 1991b Oxidative phosphorylation coupled to electron transfer in the filarial parasiteSetaria digitata;Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (in press)
Saz H J 1972Comparative biochemistry of parasites (ed.) Van den Bossche (New York: Academic Press)
Saz H J 1981Energy metabolism of parasitic helminths; Annu. Rev. Physiol. 43 323–341
Seubert W and Weicker H 1969 Pyruvate carboxylase from Pseudomonas;Methods Enzymol. 13 258–262
Shephard D and Garland P G 1966 Citrate synthase from rat liver;Methods Enzymol. 13 11–16
Shull K H, Ashmore J and Mayer J 1956 Hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and Phosphorylase levels in heriditarily obese, hyperglycemic mice;Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 62 210–216
Srere P A 1959 The citrate cleavage enzyme distribution and purification;J. Biol. Chem. 234 2544–2549
Sumegi B and Alkomyi I 1983 Elementary step in the reaction of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from pig heart;Eur. J. Biochem. 136 347–353
Susheela L and Ramasharma T 1971 Activation of succinate dehydrogenase by 2, 4-dinitrophenol—a complete competitive inhibition;Biochim. Biophys. Acta 242 532–540
Ward C W, Castro C A and Fairbairn D 1969 Carbondioxide fixation and phosphoenol pyruvate metabolism inTrichinelli spiralis larvae;J. Parasitol. 55 67–71
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rafi, M.M., Raj, R.K. Phosphoenolpyruvate-succinate-glyoxylate pathway in the filarial parasiteSetaria digitata . J Biosci 16, 121–126 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02703364
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02703364