Summaries
Black and white photography based on silver halides has been known for more than 150 years and colour photography for almost a century and has become a well-established industry. However since the early 1970s, when Boyle and Smith of Bell Systems USA put forward the concept of using a charge-coupled semi-conductor device (CCD) as the image capture component in a solid state camera system, digital image capture technology has been seen as a potential replacement for film in many areas of still image capture.
This broad review of the current state of affairs looks at six fronts of progress in the digital imaging field. Both CCD and CMOS technologies are viewed with respect to their working principles, together with the different operating modes of the various types of digital camera currently available.
Many proponents of still image capture technology continue to use film as their preferred medium because of the various advantages that silver halide technology continues to have over digital capture methods, most notably higher resolution capabilities. This has led to a proliferation of hybrid systems to enable the successful marriage of analogue (film) and digital technologies. The review takes a close look at colour scanners, the Kodak Photo CD system and the various hard copy output systems that have been developed to enable digitised images to be ‘photo quality’ reflective prints. Other important areas covered in this fast moving field include image manipulation software, file formats, image storage and compression.
Résumé
Photographie en noir à base des halogenures d’argent a été en existence depuis plus de 150 ans et en couleur depuis un siècle à peu près et tous les deux technologies sont bien établies comme moyen de capture d’images. Cependant depuis le début des années soixante-dix, lorsque Boyle et Smith de la Compagnie Bell Systems aux Etats Unis, ont énvisagé l’utilisation d’un semi-conducteur à charge couplée (CCD) comme dispasitif de capture d’image dans un appareil monolithique, la technologie de la capture d’image numérique en tant qu’un remplacement éventuel de la pellicule dans plusieurs domaines de la capture des images immobiles.
Ce large revue de la situation actuelle va examiner les six secteurs du progrès dans le domaine de la création des images numériques. Les technologies et CCD et CMOS sont passées en revue en ce qui concerne leurs principes opératoires ainsi que les différentes modes opératoires des types divers de l’appareil numérique actuellement disponibles.
Plusieurs de ceux qui favorisent cette technologie de capture d’immages immobiles continuent à utiliser la pellicule comme leur moyen préféré à cause de divers abantages de la technologie des halogenures d’argent continue à retenir en comparaison des méthodes de capture numérique, surtout à l’égard de ses capacités de définition plus éléveé. Ceci a conduit à une prolifération des systèmes hybrides en vue de permettre un mariage propice des technologies analogues (pelliculle) et numériques. La revue examine de près des scanners de couleur, le Kodak Photo CD système et les divers systèmes pour fournir la sortie sur papier qui permettent les images numériques d’être livrés comme des épreuves réflectives de “photo-qualité”. D’autres secteurs importants dans ce domaine en essor rapide comprennent la manipulation du software logiciel d’image, formats de fichiers, classification et diminution d’image.
Zusammenfassung
Schwarzweiß fotographie basiert auf den Halogensilbers war seit mehr als 150 Jahren und ebenfalls Heliochromie fast einem Jahrhunderte und sie sind eine wohlgegründete Industrie. Jedoch seit den Fruhsiebzig jahren, wann Boyle und Smith von Bell Systems der Vereignigten Staaten, der Konzept des Gebrauchs eine Ladungsgekoppelthalbleitergerät (CCD) als der Bildeinnahmensgegenstand eines Festkörperkamera, hat man die Digitalbildeinnahmenstechnologie als ein eventuelles Ersatz zum Film in manchen Stehbildeinnahmensbereiche gesehen.
Dieser breite Überblick über die aktuelle Situation sich überlegt sechs Fortschritts bereichen im Stehbildeinnahmensfeld. Beiden CCD — und CMOS — technologie werden in bezug auf die Arbeitsprinzipien und zusammen mit den verschiedenen Arbeitswesen der meheren Digitalkameraarten erhältlich zur Zeit überlegt.
Viele Benutzer von Stehbildeinnahmen verwenden noch das Film als deren vorgezogenen Mittel, weil Halogensilbertechnologie hat noch verschiedene Vorteile über Digitaleinnahmens methoden, vor allem in bezug auf höhere Rasterfeinheitsmöglichkeiten. Dies hat eine starke Erhöhung der Hybridsysteme, daß die erfolgereiche Verbindung der Analog (Film)- und Digitaltechnologien geschaffen. Der Uberblick überlegt Farbabtastern, dem Kodak-Photo-CD-System und den verschiedenen Papierabgabesystemen entwickelt um die digitalisierten Bilder mit “photoqualitäts” reflektierenden Kopien zu schaffen. Andere wichtigen Aspekte diesem schnellwecheslenden Feld schlie en Bildmanipulation, Dateiformate, Bildspeichern und-Einschnurung ein.
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Kazlauciunas, A. Digital imaging — theory and application part II: Application. Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions 84, 91–103 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02699770
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02699770