Skip to main content
Log in

The integration of National financial markets: A review of theory and findings

  • Published:
Review of World Economics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Die Integration nationaler FinanzmÄrkte. Ein überblick über Theorie und Beobachtungen. — Dieser Aufsatz bewertet das Ausma\ der monetÄren und finanziellen Integration unter zwei Aspekten. In den beiden ersten Abschnitten werden Studien analysiert, die sich mit der empirischen Bedeutung von Transaktionskosten und Wechselkursrisiken beschÄftigen, Faktoren, die nationale GeldmÄrkte segmentieren können. In den letzten beiden Abschnitten wird dagegen untersucht, ob die Studien, die ZinsÄnderungen, Aktienkurse und Kapitalströme einbeziehen, stÄrker mit der Annahme konsistent sind, da\ die KapitalmÄrkte integriert sind, oder mit der Annahme, da\ sie segmentiert sind.

Weder die Studien über das Ausma\ der Kapitalmarktintegration noch die Studien über Transaktionskosten und Wechselkursrisiken führen zu Ergebnissen, die mit der Annahme vereinbar sind, inlÄndische und auslÄndische Aktiva seien vollstÄndig substituierbar. Keine stützt die Behauptung, es gÄbe keinen Raum für monetÄre UnabhÄngigkeit. Alle sind mit der Ansicht vereinbar, da\ die MÄrkte verbunden und Ähnlichen KrÄften unterworfen sind, aber diese Folgerung schlie\t nicht aus, da\ es Raum für nationale WÄhrungspolitik gibt. Die Folgerung, da\ es bis jetzt noch keine Beobachtungen gibt, die mit der Small-country-Annahme konsistent sind, bedeutet nicht, da\ es keine Gründe für eine monetÄre Integration gibt, aber sie deutet darauf hin, da\ eine ökonomische Begründung für die monetÄre Integration weitgehend mit den Kosten argumentieren mu\, die durch eine nationale Segmentierung der KapitalmÄrkte entstehen.

Résumé

L’intégration des marchés nationaux financiers: une revue de la théorie et des résultats. — Cet article évalue le cadre de l’intégration monétaire et financière de deux points de vue. Les deux premières sections considèrent les études qui s’occupent de la signification empirique de deux facteurs, les frais de transaction et la risque de taux de change, qui pourraient segmenter les marchés nationaux d’argent. Les dernières deux sections, en contraste, considèrent si les études qui incluent les changes des taux d’intérÊt, les prix des obligations et les flux des capitaux, sont presque plus consistantes avec la proposition que les marchés nationaux des capitaux sont intégrés ou avec la proposition que les marchés des capitaux sont segmentés.

Ni les études sur le cadre de l’intégration de marché financier ni les études sur les frais de transaction et la risque de taux de change ne conduisent aux conclusions qui sont comparables avec la supposition de la substitutionalité parfaite entre les actifs locaux et étrangers. Aucune ne supporte la proposition qu’il n’y a pas de place pour l’indépendance monétaire. Toutes les études sont consistantes avec la vue que les marchés sont reliés et soumis aux forces similaires mais cette conclusion ne dénie pas qu’il y aurait quelque place pour une politique monétaire nationale. La conclusion qu’il n’y a pas encore une évidence étant consistante avec la supposition de petit-pays ne veut pas dire qu’il n’y a pas des arguments pour l’intégration monétaire mais elle suggère, selon une argumentation économique, qu’ils probablement basent considérablement sur les frais de segmenter les marchés nationaux des capitaux.

Resumen

La integración de mercados financieros nacionales: una revisión de la teoría y los resultados. — Este artículo evalÚa el ámbito de la integración monetaria y financiera desde dos puntos de vista. Las primeras dos secciones consideran estudios que se ocupan de la significación empírica de los factores, costos de transacción y riesgos cambiarios, que pueden segmentar los mercados monetarios nacionales. Las Últimas dos secciones consideran en contraste, si los estudios que envuelven cambios en las tasas de interés, precios de equidad y flujos de capital son màs cercanamente consistentes con la proposición que los mercados de capitales nacionales están integrados o con la proposición que ellos están segmentados.

Ni los estudios del ámbito de integración de mercados de capital ni los estudios de costos de transacción y riesgos cambiarios llevan a conclusiones que son compatibles con el supuesto de la perfecta sustituibilidad entre activos domésticos y extranjeros. Ninguno da apoyo a la proposición que no hay lugar para una independencia monetaria. Todos son consistentes con la visión que los mercados están conectados y sujetos a fuerzas similares, pero esta conclusión no niega que puede haber algÚn márgen para una política monetaria nacional. Concluir que todavía no hay ninguna evidencia consistente con el supuesto del país pequeño no significa que no haya un caso para la integración monetaria, sino que sugiere, que si el caso ha de hacerse sobre bases económicas, con gran probabilidad dependerá fuertemente de Ios costos de segmentar los mercados de capitales nacionales.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Adler, Michael, “The Cost of Capital and Valuation of a Two-Country Firm”,The Journal of Finance, Vol. 29, New York, N.Y., 1974, pp. 119–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, andBernard Dumas, “Optimal International Acquisitions”,The Journal of Finance, Vol. 30, 1975, pp. 1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, and -, “The Microeconomics of the Firm in an Open Economy”,The American Economic Review, Vol. 67, Menasha, Wisc., 1977,Papers and Proceedings, pp. 180–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andReuven Horesh, “The Relationship among Equity Markets: Comment”,The Journal of Finance, Vol. 29, New York, N.Y., 1974, pp. 1311–1317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agmon, Tamir,Interrelations among Equity Markets, A Study of Share Price Movements in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan, University of Chicago, 1971, unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation.

  • —, “The Relations among Equity Markets, A Study of Share Price Co-Movements in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan”,The Journal of Finance, Vol. 27, New York, N.Y., 1972, pp. 839–855.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, “Country Risk, The Significance of the Country Factor for Share-Price Movements in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan”,The Journal of Business, Vol. 46, Chicago, Ill., 1973, pp. 24–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aliber, Robert Z., “Uncertainty, Currency Areas and the Exchange Rate System”,Economica, N.S., Vol. 39, London, 1972, pp. 432–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, “The Interest Rate Parity Theorem: A Reinterpretation”,The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 81, Chicago, Ill., 1973, pp. 1451–1459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • -, “Attributes of National Monies and the Interdependence of National Monetary Policies”, in:Idem (Ed.),National Monetary Policies and the International Financial System, University of Chicago, Studies in Business and Society, Series 3, Chicago, London, 1974, pp. 111–126.

  • Allen, Polly R., andPeter B. Kenen, “Portfolio Adjustment in Open Economies: A Comparison of Alternative Specifications”,Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol. 112, 1976, pp. 33–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argy, Victor, andZoran Hodjera, “Financial Integration and Interest Rate Linkages in Industrial Countries, 1958–71”, IMF,Staff Papers, Vol. 20, Washington, D.C., 1973, pp. 1–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Branson, W. H.,Financial Capital Flows in the U.S. Balance of Payments, Contributions to Economic Analysis, 56, Amsterdam, 1968.

  • —, “The Minimum Covered Interest Differential Needed for International Arbitrage Activity”,The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 77, Chicago, Ill., 1969, pp. 1028 to 1035.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Branson, W. H., andRaymond D. Hill, Jr.,Capital Movements in the OECD Area, An Econometric Analysis, OECD Economic Outlook, Occasional Studies, OECD Publications, No. 29,523, Paris, 1971.

  • —, andThomas D. Willett, “Policy toward Short-Term Capital Movements: Some Implications of the Portfolio Approach”, in: Fritz Machlup, Walter S. Salant, Lorie Tarshis (Eds.),International Mobility and Movement of Capital, Universities-National Bureau Conference Series, 24, New York, London, 1972, pp. 287–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, Ralph, “Empirical Research on Financial Capital Flows”, in:Peter B. Kenen (Ed.),International Trade and Finance, Frontiers for Research, Cambridge, 1975. PP. 321–362.

  • Cohen, Benjamin J., “A Survey of Capital Movements and Findings Regarding Their Interest Sensitivity”, in: Joint Economic Committee, U.S. Congress, Hearings:The United States Balance of Payments, Washington, D.C., 1963.

  • Cornell, Bradford, “Spot Rates, Forward Rates and Exchange Market Efficiency”,Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 5, Amsterdam, 1977, pp. 55–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, “A Portfolio Balance Model of the Open Economy”,Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 1, Amsterdam, 1975, pp. 3–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dornbusch, Rudiger, “Expectations and Exchange Rate Dynamics”,The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 84, Chicago, Ill., 1976, pp. 1161–1176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farber, André L., Richard Roll, andBruno Solnik, “An Empirical Study of Risk under Fixed and Flexible Exchange”, in:Opérations financières, Documents, Bruxelles, 1977, pp. 224–266.

  • Fase, M. M. G., “The Interdependence of Short-Term Interest Rates in the Major Financial Centres of the World: Some Evidence for 1961–1972”,Kyklos, Vol. 29, Basel, 1976, pp. 63–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fielke, Norman H., “Exchange Rate Flexibility and the Efficiency of the Foreign Exchange Markets”,Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 10, Seattle, Wash., 1975, pp. 409–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, Irving,The Theory of Interest, New York, 1930.

  • —, andRichard M. Levich, “Covered Interest Arbitrage: Unexploited Profits?”,The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 82, Chicago, Ill., 1975, pp. 325 to 338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frenkel, Jacob A., and -, “Transactions Cost and Interest Arbitrages: Tranquil versus Turbulent Periods”,The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 85, 1977, pp. 1209–1226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giddy, Ian H., andGunter Dufey, “The Random Behavior of Exchange Rate Movements”,Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 6, Newark, N.J., 1975, pp. 1–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grauer, Frederick L. A., Robert H. Litzenberger andRichard E. Stehle, “Sharing Rules and Equilibrium in an International Capital Market under Uncertainty”,Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 3, Amsterdam, 1976, pp. 233–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grubel, Herbert G., “Internationally Diversified Portfolios, Welfare Gains and Capital Flows”,The American Economic Review, Vol. 58, Menasha, Wisc., 1968, pp. 1299–1314.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andKenneth Fadner, “The Interdependence of International Equity Markets”,The Journal of Finance, Vol. 26, New York, N.Y., 1971, pp. 89–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herring, Richard J.,International Financial Integration, Capital Flows and Interest Rate Relationships among Six Industrial Nations, Princeton University, 1973, unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation.

  • Herring, Richard J., andRichard C. Marston,National Monetary Policies and International Financial Markets, Contributions to Economic Analysis, 104, Amsterdam, 1977.

  • Hodjera, Zoran, “International Short-Term Capital Movements, A Survey of Theory and Empirical Analysis”, IMF,Staff Papers, Vol. 20, Washington, D.C., 1973, pp. 683–740.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, “Alternative Approaches in the Analysis of International Capital Movements, A Case Study of Austria and France”,Staff Papers, Vol. 23, 1976, pp. 598–623.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, John, andDennis Logue, and Richard Sweeney, “Corporate International Diversification and Market-Assigned Measures of Risks and Diversification”,Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 10, Seattle, Wash., 1975, pp. 627–638.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joy, O. Maurice, Don B. Panton, Frank Reilly, andStanley Martin,Co-Movement of Major International Equity Markets, Paper Pres, at IIM Conference, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, June 1974.

  • Kenen, Peter B. (Ed.),International Trade and Finance: Frontiers for Research, Cambridge, 1975.

  • - [1976a],Capital Mobility and Financial Integration, A Survey, Princeton Studies in International Finance, No. 39, Princeton, N.J., 1976.

  • - (1976b), “Capital Mobility and the Integration of Capital Markets”, in: Fritz Machlup (Ed.),Economic Integration, Worldwide, Regional, Sectoral, Proceedings of the 4th Congress of the International Economic Association Held in Budapest, London, Basingstoke, 1976, pp. 1–34.

  • Kouri, Pentti J. K., andMichael G. Porter, “International Capital Flows and Portfolio Equilibrium”,The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 82, Chicago, Ill., 1974, PP. 443–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lessard, Donald R., “International Portfolio Diversification: A Multivariate Analysis for a Group of Latin American Countries”,The Journal of Finance, Vol. 28, New York, N.Y., 1973, pp. 619–634.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, “World, National, and Industry Factors in Equity Returns”,The Journal of Finance, Vol. 29, 1974, pp. 379–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, “World, Country, and Industry Relationships in Equity Returns”,Financial Analysts Journal, Vol. 32, New York, N.Y., 1976, pp. 32–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levich, Richard,The International Money Market: Tests and Forecasting Models and Market Efficiency, University of Chicago, 1976, unpubl. Ph.D. Dissertation.

  • Levy, Haim, andMarshall Sarnat, “International Diversification of Investment Portfolios”,The American Economic Review, Vol. 60, Menasha, Wisc., 1970, pp. 668–675.

    Google Scholar 

  • Logue, Dennis E., Michael A. Salant, andRichard J. Sweeney, “International Integration of Financial Markets: Survey, Synthesis, and Results”, in: Carl C. Stem, John H. Makin and Dennis E. Logue (Eds.),Eurocurrencies and the International Monetary System, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, D.C., 1976, pp. 91–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Machlup, Fritz, Walter Salant andLorie Tarshis (Eds.),International Mobility and Movement of Capital, Universities-National Bureau Conference Series, 24, New York, London, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marston, R. D.,American Monetary Policy and the Structure of the Eurodollar Market, Princeton Studies in International Finance, No. 34, Princeton, N.J., 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinnon, Ronald I., “Floating Foreign Exchange Rates, 1973–74, The Emperor’s New Clothes”,Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 2, Amsterdam, 1976,Supplement, pp. 79–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moses, Ronald,Anticipations of Exchange Rate Changes, University of Chicago, 1969, unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation.

  • Mundell, Robert A., “The Appropriate Use of Monetary and Fiscal Policy for Internal and External Stability”, IMF,Staff Papers, Vol. 9, Washington, D.C., 1962, pp. 70–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mundell, Robert A., “Capital Mobility and Stabilization Policy under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates”,The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, Vol. 29, Toronto, 1963, pp. 475–485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myhrman, Johan, “Balance of Payments Adjustment and Portfolio Theory: A Survey”, in:Recent Issues in International Monetary Economics, Studies in Monetary Economics, Vol. 2, Amsterdam, 1976, pp. 203–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panton, Don B., V. Parker Lessig, andO. Maurice Joy, “Comovements of International Equity Markets: A Taxonomic Approach”,Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 11, Seattle, Wash., 1976, pp. 415–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, Michael G., “A Theoretical and Empirical Framework for Analyzing the Term Structure of Exchange Rate Expectations”, IMF,Staff Papers, Vol. 18, Washington, D.C., 1971, pp. 613–645.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ragazzi, Giorgio, “Theories of the Determinants of Direct Foreign Investment”, IMF,Staff Papers, Vol. 20, Washington, D.C., 1973, pp. 471–498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ripley, Duncan M., “Systematic Elements in the Linkage of National Stock Market Indices”,The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 55, Cambridge, Mass., 1973, PP. 356–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, “Capital Control Policies and Foreign Share Prices”,The Journal of Finance, Vol. 30, New York, N.Y., 1975, pp. 865–868.Roll, Richard, andBruno Solnik, “A Pure Foreign Exchange Asset Pricing Model”,Journal of International Economics, Vol. 7, Amsterdam, 1977, pp. 161–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rugman, Alan M., “Risk Reduction by International Diversification”,Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 7, Newark, N.J., 1976, pp. 75–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Severn, Alan K., “Investor Evaluation of Foreign and Domestic Risk”,The Journal of Finance, Vol. 29, New York, 1974, pp. 545–550.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solnik, Bruno H.,European Capital Markets, Towards a General Theory of International Investment, Lexington Books, Lexington, Mass., London, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • -Solnik, Bruno H. [1974a], “An International Market Model of Security Price Behavior”,Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 9, Seattle, Wash., 1974, PP. 537–554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • — [1974b], “The International Pricing of Risk: An Empirical Investigation of the World Capital Market Structure”,The Journal of Finance, Vol. 29, New York, N.Y., 1974, pp. 365–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • — [1974c], “Why Not Diversify Internationally?”,Financial Analysts Journal, Vol. 30, New York, N.Y., 1974, pp. 48–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stem, Carl H., John H. Makin, andDennis E. Logue (Eds.),Eurocurrencies and the International Monetary System, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, D.C., 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoll, Hans R.,The Determinants of Forward Foreign Exchange Rates, University of Chicago, 1966, Ph.D. dissertation.

  • —, “An Empirical Study of the Forward Exchange Market under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rate System”,The Canadian Journal of Economics, Vol. 1, Toronto, 1968, pp. 55–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wihlborg, Clas,Risk, Capital Market Integration and Monetary Policy under Different Exchange Rate Regimes, University of Stockholm, Institute for International Economic Studies, 1976.

  • Westerfield, Janice M., “An Examination of Foreign Exchange Risk under Fixed and Floating Regimes”,Journal of International Economics, Vol. 7, Amsterdam, 1977, pp. 181–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

About this article

Cite this article

Aliber, R.Z. The integration of National financial markets: A review of theory and findings. Rev World Econ 114, 448–480 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02696461

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02696461

Keywords

Navigation