Abstract
The modern high status lawn is a recent cultural form that motivates human responses with emerging negative physical outcomes. From a dualistic theoretical perspective, this article analyzes the modern lawn in terms of cultural dichotomies and applies a theory of status construction to show how the lawn becomes both an indicator of status and a component of identity and motivation. Then, it reports selected indicators of negative physical outcomes. The dual outcomes illustrate the empirical challenge of “Simmel’s lemma” stating that culture is in opposition to life.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Berger, Peter L., and Thomas Luckmann. 1966.The Social Construction of Reality. New York: Doubleday.
Bormann, F. Herbert, Diana Balmori, and Gordon T. Geballe. 1993.Redesigning the American Lawn. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Brown, Phil. 1992. “Popular epidemiology and toxic waste contamination: Lay and professional ways of knowing.”Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 33:267–281.
Buttel, F. H. 1986. “Sociology and the environment: The winding road toward human ecology.”International Social Science Journal, 109: 337–356.
————— 1987. “New directions in environmental sociology.”Annual Review of Sociology, 13:465–488.
Carson, Rachel. 1962.Silent Spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Catton, William R. 1980.Overshoot. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Catton, W. R., and R. E. Dunlap. 1978. “Environmental Sociology: A new paradigm.”The American Sociologist, 13: 41–49.
Chicago Tribune. 1988. “Natural shocks uncut meadow brings fine, protests.” September 18: Home: 6.
----- 1993. “Ecology getting to be a habitat with golfers.” June 23: 1:1, 2.
Demerath, L. 1993. “Knowledge-based affect: Cognitive origins of ‘good’ and ‘bad’.”Social Psychology Quarterly, 56(2): 136–147.
Douglas, Mary. 1970.Purity and Danger. Baltimore: Pelican.
—————. 1986.How Institutions Think. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Dunlap, R. 1979. “Environmental sociology.”Annual Review of Sociology, 5:243–277.
Dunlap, R. E. and W. R. Catton. 1983. “What environmental sociologists have in common (whether concerned with “built” or “natural” environments).”Sociological Inquiry, 53: 113–135.
Dunlap, Riley E., George H. Gallup, Jr. and Alec M. Gallup. 1993.Health of the Planet. Princeton: Gallup International Institute.
Edelstein, Michael R. 1988.Contaminated Communities. Boulder, Westview.
French, W. C. 1989. “Crabgrass wars.”Commonweal, August 11:421–422.
Freudenberg, W. R. and R. Gramling. 1993. “Socioenvironmental factors and development policy: Understanding opposition and support for offshore oil.”Sociological Forum, 8:341–364.
Giddens, Anthony. 1991.Modernity and Self-Identity. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Goffman, Erving. 1959.The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday.
————— 1974.Frame Analysis. New York: Harper and Row.
Gold, A. J., W. R. DeRagon, W. M. Sullivan, and J. L. Lemunyon. 1990. “Nitrate-nitrogen losses to groundwater from rural and suburban land uses.”Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 45(2): 305–309.
Halstead, J. M., W. R. Kerns, and P. D. Relf. 1989. “Lawn and garden chemicals and the potential for groundwater contamination.” Ground Water Issues and Solutions in the Potomac River Basin/Chesapeake Bay Region. Dublin, OH: National Water Well Association.
Harré, Rom, David Clarke, and Nicola De Carlo. 1985.Motives and Mechanisms. New York: Methuen.
Harte, John, Cheryl Holdren, Richard Schneider, and Christine Shirley. 1991.Toxics A to Z. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hecht, M. E. 1975. “The decline of the grass lawn tradition in Tucson.”Landscape, 19:3–10.
Hewitt, John. 1991.Self and Society. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Hochschild, Arlie. 1983.The Managed Heart. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Jackson, Kenneth T. 1985.Crabgrass Frontier. New York: Oxford University Press.
Klausner, Samuel Z. 1971.On Man In His Environment. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Latimer, Thomas L. 1991. Written Statement to the Senate Subcommittee on Toxic Substances, Environmental Oversight, Research and Development, May 9.
Lewis, J. D., R. McLain, and A. J. Weigert. 1993. “Vital realism and sociology.”Sociological Theory, 11(1): 72–95.
Mead, George H. 1934.Mind, Self, and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
McCall, George J., and J. L. Simmons. 1978.Identities and Interactions. New York: Free Press.
Milbrath, Lester W. 1989.Envisioning a Sustainable Society. Albany: SUNY Press.
New York Times. 1965. “The beautiful dandelion.” Editorial, April 27: 416.
----- 1991. “Lawn herbicide called cancer risk for dogs.” 4: B7.
Newsweek. 1993. “The new turf wars.” June 21: 62–63.
Pollan, Michael. 1989. “Why mow? The case against lawns.”The New York Times Magazine, May 28: 23–27, 41–42, 44.
Ridgeway, C. 1991. “The social construction of status value: Gender and other nominal categories.”Social Forces, 70(2): 367–386.
Schnaiberg, Allan and Kenneth A. Gould. 1994.Environment and Society: The Enduring Conflict. NY: St. Martin’s Press.
Selcraig, B. 1993. “Greens fees.”Sierra, July/August: 70–77, 86–87.
Georg Simmel. 1968.The Conflict in Modern Culture and Other Essays. New York: Teachers College Press.
South Bend Tribune. 1993. “New habits.” Editorial, Saturday, April 24: A8.
Stein, Sara. 1993.Noab’s Garden. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Stone, G. P. 1981. “Appearance and the self: A slightly revised version.” InSocial Psychology Through Symbolic Interaction, G. P. Stone and H. Farberman (eds.), New York: Wiley.
Time. 1991. “Can lawns be justified?” June 3: 63–64.
U.S. Department of Commerce. 1993.United States Industrial Outlook 1993. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1988.Lawn Care For Your Home. Chicago: Office of Public Affairs.
----- n. d.Questions and Answers on Lawn Pesticides. Washington, D.C.: Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
U.S. Senate. 1990–1991. “The use and regulation of lawn care chemicals.” Hearing before the Subcommittee on Toxic Substances, Environmental Oversight, Research and Development. Senate Hearing 101-685. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office.
Walter, E. V. 1988.Placeways. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Webster’s New Twentieth Century Dictionary. 1976. Unabridged 2nd Edition. Collin’s World.
Weigert, Andrew J. 1983.Social Psychology. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
————— 1991. “Transverse interaction. A pragmatic perspective on environment as other.”Symbolic Interaction, 14(3): 353–363.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Weigert, A.J. Lawns of weeds: Status in opposition to life. Am Soc 25, 80–96 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02691939
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02691939