References
Amsel, A. (1961). Hope comes to learning theory. Review of O.H. Mowrer’sLearning Theory and Behavior.Contemporary Psychology, 6: 33–36.
Amsel, A. (1962). Frustrative nonreward in partial reinforcement and discrimination learning: Some recent history and a theoretical extension.Psychological Review, 69: 306–328.
Amsel, A. (1989).Behaviorism, neobehaviorism, and cognitivism in learning theory: Historical and contemporary perspectives. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Amsel, A. (1992).Frustration theory: An analysis of dispositional learning and memory. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Amsel, A., & Rashotte, M.E. (1984).Mechanisms of adaptive behavior: Clark L. Hull’s theoretical papers, with commentary. New York: Columbia University Press.
Anderson, J.R. (1983).The Architecture of Cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bush, R.R., & Mosteller, F. (1951). A mathematical model for simple learning.Psychological Review, 58: 313–323.
Chomsky, N. (1959). A review of Skinner’sVerbal Behavior.Language, 35: 26–58.
Cohen, G. (1989).Memory in the Real World. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Daly, H.B., & Daly, J.T. (1982). A mathematical model of reward and aversive nonreward: Its application in over 30 appetitive learning situations.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 111: 441–480.
Dickinson, A. (1979). Review ofCognitive Processes in Animal Behavior.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 31: 551–554.
Dickinson, A. (1980).Contemporary Animal Learning Theory. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Estes, W.K. (1950).Personality and Psychotherapy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Estes, W.K., & Skinner, B.F. (1941). Some quantitative properties of anxiety.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 29: 390–400.
Etkin, W. (1981). A biological critique of sociobiological theory. In E. White (Ed.),Sociobiology and human politics. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath Co.
Hebb, D.O. (1949).The organization of behavior. New York: Wiley.
Hebb, D.O. (1955). Drives and the CNS (conceptual nervous system).Psychological Review, 62: 243–254.
Hintzman, D.L. (1992). 25 years of learning and memory: Was the cognitive revolution a mistake? In D.E. Meyer & S. Kornblum (Eds.),Attention and Performance XIV. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Hubel, D.H., & Wiesel, T.N. (1962). Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat’s visual cortex.Journal of Physiology, 160: 106–154.
Hull, C.L. (1929). A functional interpretation of the conditioned reflex.Psychological Review, 36, 498–511.
Hull, C.L. (1934a). The concept of the habit-family hierarchy and maze learning: Part 1.Psychological Review, 41: 33–54.
Hull, C.L. (1934b). The concept of the habit-family hierarchy and maze learning: Part 2.Psychological Review, 41: 134–152.
Hull, C.L. (1943).Principles of behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Kandel, E.R. (1991). Nerve cells and behavior. In E.R. Kandel, J.H. Schwartz, & R.M. Jessell (Eds.),Principles of neural science, New York: Elsevier.
Konorski, J. (1967).Integrative activity of the brain. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Krechevsky, I. (1938). A study of the continuity of the problem-solving process.Psychological Review, 45: 107–133.
Kuhn, T.S. (1962).The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Levin, H. (1987). Successions in psychology. Review ofThe cognitive revolution in psychology.Science, 236: 1683–1684.
Miller, G.A., Galanter, E., & Pribram, K.H. (1960).Plans and the structure of behavior. New York: Holt.
Miller, N.E. (1962). Some psychological studies of grammar.American Psychologist, 17: 748–762.
Mishkin, M. & Petrie, H.L. (1984). Memories and habits: Some implications for the analysis of learning and retention. In L.R. Squire & N. Butters (Eds.),Neuropsychology of memory. New York: Guilford.
Neisser, U. (1967).Cognitive psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Rescorla, R.A. (1980).Pavlovian second-order conditioning: Studies in associative learning. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Rescorla, R.A., & Wagner, A.R. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In A.H. Black and W.F. Prokasy (Eds.),Classical conditioning II: Current theory and research. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Shimp, C.P. (1982). Metaknowledge in the pigeon: The previously reinforced response.Animal Learning & Behavior, 10: 358–364.
Shimp, C.P. (1982). The local organization of behavior: A dissociation between a pigeon’s behavior and a self-report of that behavior.Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 39: 61–68.
Skinner, B.F. (1938).The behavior of organisms. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Skinner, B.F. (1950). Are theories of learning necessary?Psychological Review, 57: 193–216.
Skinner, B.F. (1957).Verbal behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Spence, K.W. (1940). Continuous versus non-continuous interpretations of discrimination learning.Psychological Review, 47: 271–288.
Squire, L.R. (1982). The neuropsychology of human memory.Annual Reviews of Neuroscience, 5: 241–273.
Stein, L. & Belluzzi, J.D. (1989). Cellular investigations of behavioral reinforcement.Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 13: 69–80.
Thomas, G.J. (1984). Memory: Time finding in organisms. In L.R. Squire and N. Butlers (Eds.),Neuropsychology of memory. New York: Guilford.
Wickelgren, W.A. (1979). Chunking and consolidation: A theoretical synthesis of semantic networks, configuring in conditioning, S-R versus cognitive learning, normal forgetting, the amnesic syndrome, and the hippocampal arousal system.Psychological Review, 86: 44–60.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This essay was adapted from the Horsley Gantt Lecture delivered at the meeting of the Pavlovian Society, September 1991. The lecture was in part an adaptation of excerpts from a book,Behaviorism, Neobehaviorism, and Cognitivism in Learning Theory: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1989.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Amsel, A. Confessions of a neobehaviorist. Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science 27, 336–346 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02691168
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02691168