Conclusion
It appears that the general cargo market should not be the primary target for a minority shipper. After a more detailed analysis of the market, on a specific commodity basis and by trading areas, a profitable niche may be developed for a minority shipper in the Dry Bulk market, in light of the recently completed Russian grain deal. Fifty percent of that tonnage must be moved in U.S. flag vessels. Under the terms of the new grain treaty, the Soviets are obligated to purchase 5.9 million long tons (2,240 pounds) of grain annually, with the right to purchase two million more tons. The agreement is for five years, beginning in 1976.
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Lackman, C.L., Heinzelmann, R.G. Marine preference cargo market: Opportunities for minority shippers. The Review of Black Political Economy 11, 365–374 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02689697
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02689697