References
Bruni, F. and L. Goodstein. 2001. “New Bush Office Seeks Closer Ties to Church Groups,”The New York Times on the Web <www.nytimes.com> (29 January 2001).
Calhoun-Brown, A. 2000. “Upon This Rock: The Black Church, Nonviolence and the Civil Rights Movement.”PS: Political Science and Politics, vol. 33, no. 2 (June): 168–174.
Cisheros, H. G. (1996).Higher Ground: Faith Communities and Community Building. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Chaves, M. 1999. Religious congregations and welfare reform: Who will take advantage of charitable choice? Washington, DC: Aspen Institute.
—, & T. Tsitsos. 2001. Congregations and social services: What they do, how they do it, and with whom,Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 30 (4): 660–683.
Cnaan, R. A., M. Basta, S. C. Boddie, A. Cnaan, L. Hartocollis, K. Prochezka, and G. Yancey. 1998. “Bowling Alone but Serving Together: The Congregational Norm of Community Involvement.” Report prepared for the Center for Research on Religion and Urban Civil Society, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, NY.
Cnaan, R., & S. C. Boddie. 2001. “Black Church Outreach: Comparing How Black And Other Congregations Serve Their Needy Neighbors,” Center for the Research on Religion and Urban Civil Society. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania.
DuBois, W. E. B. 1903.The Negro Church. Atlanta, GA: The Atlanta University Press.
Dudley, C. S. 2002.Community ministry: New challenges, proven steps to faith-based initiatives. Betheseda, MD: Alban Institute Press.
Fraser, G. C. 1998.Race For Success: The Ten Best Opportunities for Blacks in America. New York, NY: Avon Books.
Frazier, E. F. 1963.The Negro Church in America. New York: Schocken Books.
Goodstein, L. 2001a. “Battle Lines Grow on Plan to Assist Religious Groups,”The New York Times on the Web <www.nytimes.com> (12 April 2001).
Goodstein, L. 2001b. “Bush's Call to Church Groups Attracts the Untraditional,”The New York Times on the Web <www.nytimes.com> (20 February 2001).
Goodstein, L. 2001c. “States Steer Religious Charities, Toward Aid,”The New York Times on the Web <www.nytimes.com> (21 July 2001).
Guidance to Faith-Based and Community Organizations on Partnering with the Federal Government. 2003. White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives. http://www.whitehouse.gov/government/fbci/guidance/index.html.
Harris, F. C. 1999.Something Within: Religion in African-American Political Activism. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Hodgkinson, V. A., & M. S. Weitzman. 1993. From belief to commitment: The community services activities and finances of religious congregations in the United States, Washington, DC: Independent Sector.
Kern, R. 2001. “Local Church Takes Building Program To New Levels.”The Word Newspaper, vol. 4, no. 3: A1, 12.
Kort, W. A. 2002. “African Americans Reading Scripture: Freeing/Revealing/Creating,” A Review Essay.Christianity and Literature, vol. 51, no. 2, (Winter): 263–272.
Lacey, M. 2001. “Bush Meets with Black Caucus, Continuing a Theme of Out-reach,”The New York Times on the Web 〈www.nytimes.com〉 (1 February 2001).
Leland, J. 2001. “Some Black Pastors See New Aid Under Bush,”The New York Times on the Web 〈www.nytimes.com〉 (2 February 2001).
Lincoln, C. E. 1984.Race, Religion, and the Continuing American Dilemma. New York, NY: Hill and Wang Publishing.
—. 1974.The Black Church Since Frazier. New York: Schocken.
— and L. Mamiya. 1990.The Black Church in the African-American Experience. Durham: Duke University Press.
Lugo, L. and K. Sargeant. 2001. “Religion and Social Welfare Policy,” Faith-based Initiatives Strategy Paper, Washington, DC: The Pew Charitable Trusts Foundation (March).
Meyer, B. 1997. “Towne Gardens Incubator Unit Gets $35,000 Appropriation.”Buffalo News. (December 5: B-10).
Orr, M. 1999.Black Social Capital: The Politics of School Reform in Baltimore, 1986–1998. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
Owens, M. L. 2000. “Political Action and Black Church-Associated Community Development Corporations.” Paper delivered the 30th Annual Meeting, Urban Affairs Association, Los Angeles, CA, May 3–6.
Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. “Faith-Based Funding Backed, But Church-State Doubts Abound,” Joint survey study prepared for the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life and the Pew Research Center for The People & The Press. Washington, DC: The Pew Charitable Trusts Foundation (http://pewforum.org accessed April 14, 2003).
Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. “Faith-Based Initiatives and the Bush Administration,” Electronic updates prepared for the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. Washington, DC: The Pew Charitable Trusts Foundation (http://pewforum.org accessed April 13, 2003).
Putnam, R. D. 2000.Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
Ramsay, M. 1998. “Redeeming the City: Exploring the Relationship Between Church and the Metropolis.”Urban Affairs Review, 33, no. 5: 595–626.
Reed, G. J. 1994.Economic Empowerment Through The Church: A Blueprint for Progressive Community Development. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House.
Reese, L. 2000. “Should the Government Regulate Prophets? Methodological Problems With Research on Faith-Based Economic Development.Economic Development Quarterly, 14, no. 4 (November): 376–383.
Reese, L. and G. Shields. 1998. “Faith-Based Development: Economic Development Activities of Urban Religious Institutions.” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, MA (September) and the Urban Affairs Association.
Scott, J. D. 2002. The scope and scale of faith-based social services, The Roundtable on Religion and Social Welfare Policy Series, an Independent Research Project of the Rockefeller Institute of Government. Washington, DC: Pew Charitable Trusts Foundation.
Smith, R. D. 2002. “The Public Influences of African-American Churches: Contexts and Capacities,” A Report submitted to The Pew Charitable Trusts by The Public Influences of African-American Churches Project based at The Leadership Center at Morehouse College. Atlanta, GA. Washington, DC: The Pew Charitable Trusts Foundation (Fall).
Smith, R. D. 2001. “Social Witness, ‘Prophetic’ Discernment, and Post-Civil Rights Era Churches,” The Public Influences of African-American Churches Project based at The Leadership Center at Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA. Washington, DC: The Pew Charitable Trusts Foundation (Spring).
Spain, D. 2001. Redemptive places, charitable choice, and welfare reform.Journal of the American Planning Association, 67(3): 1–9.
Streb, M. J. 2001. “A New Message: Compassionate Conservatism, African Americans, and the Republican Party,”Politics and Policy, vol. 29, no. 4: 670–691.
Tenpas, K. D. 2002 “Can An Office Change A Country? The White House of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives: A Year in Review” Preliminary Report prepared for the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. Washington, DC: The Pew Charitable Trusts Foundation (February).
United States General Accounting Office. 2002. “Charitable Choice: Overview of Research Findings on Implementation,” A Report to Congressional Requesters. Washington, DC: United States General Accounting Office, (January 18).
Vidal, A. 2001. “Faith-Based Organizations in Community Development,” A Report for the US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC: Office of Policy Development and Research (August).
Wallace, S. L. 2001. “Buffalo's “Prophet of Protest”: The Political Leadership and Activism of Reverend Dr. Bennett W. Smith, Sr.”Afro-Americans in New York Life and History, vol. 25, no. 2 (July): 7–43.
Walsh, J. 1999. “Current Issues: Creative Solutions.” Report prepared June 10, 1998 on the Civic Work of Congregations. Published onReligion and Civic Culture Online (July).
White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives Task Force. 2001. “An Unleveled Playing Field for Faith—and Community-Based Charitable Groups,” A White House Report. Washington, DC, Office of the Press Secretary. (January 29).
Wuthnow, R. 2000. Linkages between religious congregations and nonprofit service organizations, Working Paper Series, Nonprofit Research Fund, Washington, DC: Aspen Institute.
About this article
Cite this article
Wallace, S.L. Committed “armies of compassion”: African American churches building and sutaining community. Rev Black Polit Econ 30, 67–88 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02687551
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02687551