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Research and development in multinational companies from a German perspective

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  1. The full report is available in German: Marian Beise, Heike Belitz, Internationalisierung von Forschung und Entwicklung in multinationalen Unternehmen, in:Materialien zur Berichterstattung zur technologischen Leistungsfähigkeit Deutschlands 1996, Berlin, Mannheim, March 1997.

  2. In this report “German” (“foreign”) companies are understood to mean multinational companies whose parent company is based in Germany (outside Germany). This distinction is based on the idea that multinational companies initially develop in their country of origin and that, even in the process of internationalisation, their activities are steered by company headquarters.

  3. The statistics of the German Bundesbank on capital relations between Germany and the rest of the world cover all companies in which more than 20% of equity capital or voting rights belong to German (or foreign) firms or individuals.

  4. Cf. Siegfried Schultz, Direct foreign investment in the transition countries, in:Economic Bulletin, vol. 34, no. 4, April 1997.

  5. The first comprehensive survey of R&D expenditure by majority-owned German companies abroad has been conducted for 1995 by SV-Wissenschaftsstatistik GmbH.

  6. Donald H. Dalton, Manuel G. Serapio, Globalising Industrial Research and Development, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Technology Policy, Washington 1995.

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  7. The estimation is based on a special evaluation for 1995 conducted by the SV-Wissenschaftsstatistik of its regular surveys of R&D expenditure by the 500 most R&D-intensive companies, disaggregated for German/foreign majority ownership. This covers around 83% of the total R&D expenditure conducted in Germany. The foreign companies included in the special evaluation spent at least DM 8 billion on R&D in 1995, employing more than 32 000 people in R&D activities (cf. table 5).

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  1. Heike Belitz
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Belitz, H. Research and development in multinational companies from a German perspective. Economic Bulletin 34, 13–20 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02684658

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02684658

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