Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cosmic Rays

  • Reviews, Tables and Plots
  • Astrophysics and cosmology
  • Published:
The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. J. A. Simpson, Ann. Rev. Nucl. and Part. Sci.33, 323 (1983).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Boezioet al., Astrophys. J.518, 457 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. R. Bellottiet al., Phys. Rev.D60, 052002 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. AMS Collaboration, Phys. Lett. B (to be published, 1999).

  5. T. Sanukiet al., inProc. 26th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Salt Lake City, 3, 93 (1999).

  6. J. J. Engelmannet al., Astron. & Astrophys.233, 96 (1990); See alsoCosmic Abundances of Matter (ed. C. Jake Waddington) A.I.P. Conf. Proceedings No. 183 (1988) p. 111.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. S.W. Barwicket al., Astrophys. J.498, 779 (1998).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Stephane Coutuet al., Astropart. Phys.11, 429 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. J. W. Mitchellet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.76, 3057 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. M. Boezioet al., Astrophys. J.487, 415 (1997).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Hofet al., Astrophys. J.467, L33 (1996) See also G. Basiniet al., Proc. 26th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Salt Lake City, 3, 101 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. H. Matsunagaet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.81, 4052 (1998). See also S. Oritoet al., astro-ph/9906426.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. R. Bellottiet al., Phys. Rev.D53, 35 (1996).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. M. Boezioet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.82, 4757 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Coutuet al., Proc. 26th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Salt Lake City,2, 68 (1999).

  16. D. H. Perkins, Astropart. Phys.2, 249 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. T.K. Gaisser,Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics, Cambridge University Press (1990).

  18. M. P. De Pascaleet al., J. Geophys. Res.98, 3501 (1993).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. K. Allkofer and P.K.F. Grieder,Cosmic Rays on Earth, Fachinformationszentrum, Karlsruhe (1984).

  20. O. C. Allkofer, K. Carstensen, and W.D. Dau, Phys. Lett.B36, 425 (1971).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. B.C. Rastin, J. Phys.G10, 1609 (1984).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. C. A. Ayreet al., J. Phys.G1, 584 (1975).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. J. Kremeret al., Phys. Rev. Lett.83, 4241 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. H. Jokischet al., Phys. Rev.D19, 1368 (1979).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. S. Hayakawa,Cosmic Ray Physics, Wiley, Interscience, New York (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  26. R. R. Daniel and S.A. Stephens, Revs. Geophysics & Space Sci.12, 233 (1974).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. F. Halzen, R. Vázquez, and E. Zas, Astropart. Phys.1, 297 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. K. P. Beuermann and G. Wibberenz, Can. J. Phys.46, S1034 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  29. I. S. Diggoryet al., J. Phys.A7, 741 (1974).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. D.E. Groom, N.V. Mokhov, and S.I. Striganov, “Muon stopping-power and range tables,” Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, to be published (2000).

  31. P. Lipari and T. Stanev, Phys. Rev.D44, 3543 (1991).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. M. Crouch, inProc. 20th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Moscow, 6, 165 (1987).

  33. Yu. M. Andreev, V. I. Gurentzov, and I. M. Kogai, inProc. 20th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Moscow,6, 200 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  34. M. Agliettaet al., (LVD Collaboration), Astropart. Phys.3, 311 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. M. Ambrosioet al., (MACRO Collaboration), Phys. Rev.D52, 3793 (1995).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ch. Bergeret al., (Frejus Collaboration), Phys. Rev.D40, 2163 (1989).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. K. S. Hirataet al., (Kam-II Collaboration), Phys. Lett.B280, 146 (1992); Y. Fukudaet al., Phys. Lett. B335, 237 (1994).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. R. Becker-Szendyet al., (IMB Collaboration), Phys. Rev.D46, 3720 (1992); See also D. Casperet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.66, 2561 (1991).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. Y. Fukudaet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.81, 1562 (1998).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. K. Scholberget al., inProc. Eighth Int. Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes (ed. Milla Baldo Ceolin, edizioni papergraf, Venezia, 1999) p. 183.

    Google Scholar 

  41. G. Battistoniet al., Astropart. Phys.12, 315 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. T. H. Johnson, Phys. Rev.43, 834 (1933). See also T.H. Johnson & E.C. Street, Phys. Rev.44, 125 (1933).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. L.W. Alvarez and A.H. Compton, Phys. Rev.43, 835 (1933).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. T. Futagamiet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.82, 5194 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. F. Reineset al., Phys. Rev. Lett.15, 429 (1965).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. M.M. Bolievet al., inProceedings 3rd Int. Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes(ed. Milla Baldo Ceolin), 235 (1991).

  47. M. Ambrosioet al., (MACRO) Phys. Lett.B434, 451 (1998). The number quoted for MACRO is the average over 90% of the lower hemisphere, cosθ < -0.1; see F. Rongaet al., hep-ex/9905025.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. R. Becker-Szendyet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.69, 1010 (1992);Proc. 25th Int. Conf. High-Energy Physics, Singapore (ed. K.K. Phua and Y. Yamaguchi, World Scientific, 1991) p. 662.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. S. Hatakeyamaet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.81, 2016 (1998).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. Y. Fukudaet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.82, 2644 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. K. Greisen, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci.10, 63 (1960).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. M. Naganoet al., J. Phys.G10, 1295 (1984).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. M. Teshimaet al., J. Phys.G12, 1097 (1986).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. N.L. Grigorovet al., Yad. Fiz.11, 1058 (1970) andProc. 12th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Hobart, 2, 206 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  55. K. Asakimoriet al., Proc. 23rd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Calgary,2, 25 (1993);Proc. 22nd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Dublin, 2, 57 and 97 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  56. T. V. Danilovaet al., Proc. 15th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Plovdiv,8, 129 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  57. Yu. A. Fominet al., Proc. 22nd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Dublin,2, 85 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  58. M. Amenomoriet al., Astrophys. J.461, 408 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. A. Roehringet al., Proc. 26th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Salt Lake City,1, 214 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. M. A. K. Glasmacheret al., Astropart. Phys.10, 291 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. V. S. Ptuskinet al., Astron. & Astrophys.268, 726 (1993).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. B. Peters, Nuovo Cimento22, 800 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. K. Greisen, Phys. Rev. Lett.16, 748 (1966).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. G. T. Zatsepin and V. A. Kuz'min, Sov. Phys. JETP Lett.4, 78 (1966).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. J. Linsley, Phys. Rev. Lett.10, 146 (1963).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. D. J. Birdet al., Astrophys. J.441, 144 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. N. Hayashimaet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.73, 3941 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  68. A. A. Watson,Proc. of the 1994 Summer Study on Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology for the Next Millenium, Snowmass CO, 1994, ed. by E.W. Kolbet al. (World Scientific, Singapore, to be published, 1996).

  69. C. Juiet al., highlight talk,26th International Cosmic Ray Conf., Salt Lake City, 1999, to be published in A.I.P. Conference Proceedings.

  70. V.S. Berezinskiiet al., Astrophysics of Cosmic Ray, North-Holland (1990).

  71. D. J. Birdet al., Astrophys. J.424, 491 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. M. Takedaet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.81, 1163 (1998).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  73. M. A. Lawrence, R. J. O. Reid, and A. A. Watson, J. Phys.G17, 733 (1991).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bartol Research Inst., Univ. of Delaware, USA

    T. K. Gaisser & T. Stanev

Authors
  1. T. K. Gaisser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. Stanev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gaisser, T.K., Stanev, T. Cosmic Rays. Eur. Phys. J. C 15, 150–156 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02683416

Download citation

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02683416

Keywords

Search

Navigation