Abstract
In this paper, we discuss a model of emissivity of snow cover taking into account its structure. We assume that upward and downward radiation inside a snow layer are diffuse and apply the two-flux theory of Kubelka and Munk. Snow cover is modelled by a medium comprising discrete scatterers. In the case of dry snow, the scatterers are ice grains. Wet snow is modelled by a mixture of ice grains (with or without water envelopes) and water drops. We assume that the scatterers are spherical particles that have lognormal distribution over size. The brightness temperature of radio emission from snow cover on the soil is calculated using the data of glaciological measurements of physical parameters and microstructure of snow. Results of calculations are compared to measurements of the brightness temperature of radio emission from various types of snow covers.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
V. N. Golubev, E. V. Guseva, L. A. Ushakova, et.al.,Materials of Glaciological Investigations [in Russian], issue 68, 26 (1990).
S. Masahito and S. M. Tadashi, in:Proc. NIPR Symp. Polar Meteorol. Glaciol., No. 4, 132 (1991).
C. Mätzler and R. Hühppi,Adv. Space Res.,9, No. 1, 253 (1989).
D. A. Boyarskii, V. V. Dmitriev, V. S. Etkin, et.al.,J. Electromagn. Waves and Appl.,7, No. 7, 959 (1993).
D. A. Boyarskii,Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Radiophys.,40, No. 8, 1050 (1997).
A. Ishimaru,Proc. IEEE,79, No. 10, 1359 (1991).
A. Stogrin,IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing,GE-24, No. 2, 220 (1986).
L. Tsang, J. A. Kong, J. C. Shue, and R. Shing,J. Geophys. Res.,84, No. B10, 5669 (1979).
V. V. Dmitriev, N. I. Kleeorin, V. G. Mirovskii, and V. S. Etkin,Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR,297, No. 6, 1363 (1987).
M. E. Tiuri,IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing,20, No. 1, 51 (1982).
M. E. Tiuri and H. Schultz, in:NASA Workshop on the Microwave Remote Sens. of Snowpack Prop., Ft. Collins, Colorado, 20–22 May 1980, p. 225.
R. E. Davis, J. Dozier, and A. T. C. Chang,IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing,25, No. 6, 751 (1987).
R. D. West, D. P. Winebrenner, and L. Tsang, in:Proc. Int. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp. (IGARSS'94), Pasadena, Calif., USA,3, 1297 (1994).
V. V. Dmitriev, N. I. Kleeorin, V. G. Mirovskii, and V. S. Etkin,Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Radiophys.,33, No. 9, 1020 (1990).
S. C. Colbeck,Rev. Geophys,21, No. 1, 81 (1991).
M. T. Hallikainen, in:Int. Geosci. Remote Sensing Symp. (IGARSS'85), N.Y.,2, 848 (1985).
F. T. Ulaby, R. K. Moore, and A. K. Fung,Microwave Remote Sensing: Active and Passive. Vols. 1 and 3, Artech House, Dedham. Massachusetts (1985).
A. Ishimaru,Propagation and Scattering of Waves in Randomly Irregular Media [Russian translation], Mir, Moscow (1981), 597 pp.
S. C. Colbeck,Seasonal Snowcovers: Physics, Chemistry, Hydrology. NATO ASI Series (1987), p. 1.
D. A. Boyarskii, V. V. Tikhonov, N. I. Kleeorin, and V. G. Mirovskii,J. Electromagn. Waves Appl.,8, No. 11, 1395 (1994).
D. A. Boyarskii, V. G. Mirovskii, and V. V. Tikhonov,Radiotekh. Élektron.,39, No. 10, 1479 (1994).
K. Boren and D. Haffmen,Abvsorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles [Russian translation], Mir, Moscow (1986), 664 pp.
N. M. Tseitlin,Applications of Radio Astronomical Methods in Antenna Devices [in Russian], Sovetskoe Radio, Moscow (1966), 213 pp.
S. A. Zhevakin and V. S. Troitsky,Radiotekh. Élektron.,4, No. 1, 21 (1959).
A. M. Shutko,VHF Radiometry of Water Surface and Soils [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1986), 189 pp.
Additional information
Space Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 42, No. 9, pp. 845–857, August 1999.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Boyarskii, D.A., Tikhonov, V.V. Modeling VHF emissivity of snow cover with account of its stratigraphy. Radiophys Quantum Electron 42, 742–752 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02676860
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02676860