Abstract
A theory of cellular precipitation is developed that assumes the interlamellar spacing to be controlled by the nucleation of new precipitate lamellae in recesses that develop in the advancing grain boundary at a sufficiently large interlamellar spacing. The theory also assumes a grain-boundary diffusion mechanism of mass transport, the maximum possible departure from local equilibrium across the grain boundary, and a grain-boundary model developed by Hillert. Application of the theory to all existing data that are sufficiently complet gives values for grain-boundary diffusivities that are both reasonable and in accord with existing diffusitivity data. It also suggests strongly that the velocity of grain-boundary migration is much more strongly dependent on driving force than the linear dependence given in most current theories. The interlamellar-spacing criterion proposed here is in reasonably good agreement with existing experimental data and with the experimental observation of Tu and Turnbull.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. M. Shapiro and J. S. Kirkaldy:Acta Met., 1968, vol. 16, p. 1239.
Y. C. Liu and H. I. Aaronson:Acta Met., 1968, vol. 16, p. 1343.
B. Predel and H. Ruge:Z. Metallk., 1968, vol. 59, p. 777.
R. G. Rose:Acta Met., 1957, vol. 5, p. 404.
G. R. Speich:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1963, vol. 227, p. 754.
H. Böhm:Z. Metallk., 1959, vol. 50, p. 87.
G. R. Speich:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1968, vol. 242, p. 1359.
H. I. Aaronson and Y. C. Liu:Scr. Met., 1968, vol. 2, p. 1.
D. Turnbull and H. N. Treaftis:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1958, vol. 212, p. 33.
R. Watanabe and S. Kuda:Trans. Nat. Res. Inst. Metals, 1965, vol. 7, p. 87.
Ram Kossowsky:Met. Trans., 1970, vol. 1, p. 1623.
H. I. Aaronson and J. B. Clark:Acta Met., 1968, vol. 16, p. 845.
H. I. Aaronson and Y. C. Liu:Met. Trans., 1970, vol. 1, p. 3465.
K. N. Tu and D. Turnbull:Acta Met., 1967, vol. 15, p. 1317.
K. N. Tu and D. Turnbull:Acta Met., 1967, vol. 15, p. 369.
J. W. Cahn:Acta Met., 1959, vol. 7, p. 18.
D. Turnbull:Acta Met., 1955, vol. 3, p. 55.
M. Hillert: The Mechanism of Phase Transformations in Crystalline Solids, p. 231, Monograph and Report Series No. 33, Inst. of Metals, 1969.
C. Zener:Trans. AIME, 1946, vol. 167, p. 550.
M. Hillert:Jernkontorets Ann., 1957, vol. 141, p. 757.
J. C. Fisher:Thermodynamics in Physical Metallurgy p. 201, ASM, Cleveland. 1950.
B. E. Sundquist:Acta Met., 1968, vol. 16, p. 1413.
K. N. Tu and D. Turnbull:Acta Met., 1969, vol. 17, p. 1263.
K. N. Tu and D. Turnbull:Scr. Met., 1967, vol. 1, p. 173.
M. S. Sulonen:Acta Met., 1964, vol. 12, p. 749.
E. Hornbogen:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1963, vol. 227, p. 1411.
Yu. A. Skakov, K. V. Varli, and G. S. Milovzorov:Acad. Sciences USSR Bull. Phys. Ser., 1970, vol. 34, p. 1393.
G. F. Bolling and W. C. Winegard:Acta Met., 1958, vol. 6, p. 283.
J. W. Cahn:Acta Met., 1962, vol. 10, p. 789.
D. McLean:Grain Boundaries in Metals, p. 116, Oxford Press, 1957.
T. Crank:The Mathematics of Diffusion, p. 44, Oxford Press, 1956.
H. A. Wriedt, C. W. Haworth, and J. A. Gula: E. C. Bain Laboratory, U.S. Steel Corp., Monroeville, Pa., unpublished work, 1965.
G. R. Speich, L. Zwell, and H. A. Wriedt:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1964, vol. 230, p. 939.
J. J. Kramer, G. M. Pound, and R. E. Mehl:Acta Met., 1958, vol. 6, p. 763.
K. N. Tu and B. Chalmers:Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 1951, vol. 204, p. 359.
K. N. Tu and D. Turnbull:Met. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, p. 2509.
G. Kirchner, H. Harvig, K. R. Moquist, and M. Hillert:Arch Eisenhüttenw., 1973, vol. 44, p. 227.
H. A. Wriedt:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1967, vol. 239, p. 1120.
R. R. Hultgren,et al.:Selected Values of Thermodynamic Properties of Metals and Alloys, Suppl. Vol. II, Wiley, New York, 1963.
B. Predel and W. Schwermann:Acta Met., 1971, vol. 19, p. 85.
J. P. Stark and W. R. Upthegrove:Trans. ASM, 1966, vol. 59, p. 479.
B. Okkerse:Acta Met., 1954, vol. 2, p. 555.
D. Turnbull and R. E. Hoffman:Acta Met., 1954, vol. 2, p. 419.
Hsun Hu and B. B. Rath:Met. Trans., 1970, vol. 1, p. 3181.
K. Lücke and H. P. Stüwe:Acta Met., 1971, vol. 19, p. 1087.
J. W. Cahn, W. B. Hillig, and G. W. Sears:Acta Met., 1964, vol. 12, p. 1421.
J. C. M. Li:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1969, vol. 245, p. 1591.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
BRUCE E. SUNDQUIST, formely with the U.S. Steel Corp., E. C. Bain Laboratory for Fundamental Research
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sundquist, B.E. Cellular precipitation. Metall Trans 4, 1919–1934 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665420
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665420