Abstract
Autoradiographs show that there is an obvious reaction between Ce and Nd in liquid iron and the MgO/CaO crucible wall. For reaching the Ce-O, Nd-O equilibrium, a long melting period and the addition of rare earth elements (RE’s) in several batches were needed to ensure the full reaction between the RE’s in the melt and crucible wall. The dissolved Ce or Nd content in iron was measured by means of radioactive isotopes141Ce or147Nd and electrolysis in the organic electrolyte. The oxygen activity was measured by solid electrolyte sensors made of ZrO2(MgO) tube. The relationships between the equilibrium constants and the temperatures for reactions Ce2O3 (s) = 2[Ce] + 3[O], CeO2 (s) = [Ce] + 2[O], and Nd2O3 (s) = 2[Nd] + 3[O], as well as the corresponding thermodynamic parameters, have been determined.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. Kinne, A.F. Vishkarev, and V.l. Yavoiski:Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Chern. Metall, (in Russian), 1963, vol. 5, pp. 65–69.
J.W.I. Hitchon, A. Chaillou, and M. Olette: Report IRSID (Institut de Recherches de la Sidérurgie Française), Saint Germain en Laye, France, 1966.
W.A. Fischer and H. Bertram:Arch. Eisenhuettenwes., 1973, vol. 44, pp. 87–95 and pp. 97-109.
R. Ishikawa, H. Inoue, and K. Sanbongi: Report of Research Institute of Mineral Dressing and Metallurgy, Sendai, Japan, 1973, vol. 29, p. 193.
T. Elgammal, W. Dahl, and L. Lorenz:Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Vac. Metall., Tokyo, June 4–8, 1973, Iron Steel Institute of Japan, Tokyo, 1974, sect. 2, p. 125.
D. Janke and W.A. Fischer:Arch. Eisenhuettenwes., 1978, vol. 49, pp. 425–30.
Changzhen Wang, Fuzhen Wang, Yingmin Du, and Xiaoping Zhang:Acta Metall. Sin. (in Chinese), 1980, vol. 16 (1), pp. 83–89.
G. Kinne, A.F. Vishkarev, and V.I. Yavoiski:Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Chern. Metall. (in Russian), 1962, vol. 9, pp. 92–98.
A. Vahed and D.A.R. Kay:Metall. Trans. B, 1976, vol. 7B, pp. 375–83.
R.J. Fruehan:Metall. Trans., 1974, vol. 5, pp. 345–47.
Research Group of Isotope, Beijing University of Iron and Steel Technology:Acta Metall. Sin., 1977, vol. 13 (3), pp. 202-13.
Qiyong Han:J. Less-Common Met., 1986, vol. 126, pp. 73–82.
D. Janke and W.A. Fischer:Arch. Eisenhuettenwes., 1977, vol. 48, pp. 311–15.
Qiyong Han, Weijing Wu, and Keming Fang:Proc. Sino-Japanese Symp. on Steelmaking, The Chinese Society of Metals, Beijing, China, 1981, pp. 25–38.
D. Janke and W.A. Fischer:Arch. Eisenhuettenwes., 1975, vol. 46, pp. 755–60.
D. Janke and W.A. Fischer:Arch. Eisenhuettenwes., 1976, vol. 47, pp. 195–98.
J.F. Elliott:Electric Furnace Proc, 1974, vol. 32, pp. 62–68.
J.F. Elliott, M. Gleiser, and V. Ramakrishina:Thermochemistry for Steelmaking, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1963, vol. II, p. 620.
Akio Ejima, Ken-ichiro Suzuki, Nobuo Harada, and Koji Sanbongi:Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 1977, vol. 17, pp. 349–58.
I.S. Kulikov:Deoxidation of Metals (in Russian), Metallurgia, Moscow, 1975, p. 156.
Shusheng Diao, Qiyong Han, Gang Lin, and Dong Chen:Acta Metall. Sin., 1986, vol. 22 (2), pp. A139-A148.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Formerly Graduate Student at the University of Science and Technology Beijing
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Han, Q., Feng, X., Liu, S. et al. Equilibria between cerium or neodymium and oxygen in molten iron. Metall Trans B 21, 295–302 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02664197
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02664197