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Pharmakokinetik und Pharmakodynamik der Modulation von 5-Fluorouracil mittels Leucovorin

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the modulation of 5-fluorouracil by leucovorin

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Zusammenfassung

Die Modulation von 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) mittels Leucovorin (LV) gilt als Standardtherapie in der palliativen Behandlung kolorektaler Tumoren. Trotz der intensiven Bemühungen zur rationalen Gestaltung dieser Therapie sind viele Fragen hinsichtlich der Pharmakokinetik und der Pharmakodynamik ungeklärt. In einer pharmakokinetischen Studie, in der anstelle eines Bioassays eine direkte Bestimmung der beiden Enantiomere von LV (R-LV und S-LV) mittels HPLC verwendet wurde, wurde die 2stündige Infusion von LV mit und ohne Loading-dose verglichen. Dabei ergaben sich ein wesentlich größeres Verteilungsvolumen im Körper und eine wesentlich höhere Plasmaclearance für S-LV gegenüber dem R-Enantiomer (Verhältnis etwa 4∶1) sowie ein grundlegend anderes pharmakokinetisches Verhalten. Für S-LV beginnt etwa 6 Stunden nach dem Ende der Infusion eine Rückverteilungsphase in den Blutkreislauf, während für R-LV eine einphasige Kinetik zu beobachten ist. Wir vermuten, daß die Abnahme des intrazellulären Gehalts an reduziertem S-Folat einen Resistenzfaktor darstellt, weil nur eine nachhaltige Hemmung des Zielenzyms Thymidilatsynthetase die zytotoxische Wirkung dieser Kombinationstherapie zur Geltung bringht.

Summary

The modulation of 5-fluorouracil by leucovorin is a standard therapy in the palliative treatment of colorectal tumors. Despite intense efforts for a rationale design of the therapy, numerous problems concerning the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics are not solved yet. In a pharmacokinetic study we compared the two hour infusion of leucovorin with and without loading dose, using a direct evaluation of the diastereoisomers of leucovorin by HPLC instead of the bioassay. The volume of distribution and the total plasma clearance were considerably higher for S-leucovorin compared with the R-enantiomer (relation 4∶1). A completely different pharmacokinetic behaviour could be observed for S-leucovorin: 6 hours after the end of the infusion redistribution of S-leucovorin from cells to the systemic circulation prevails, while monophasic kinetics were seen for R-leucovorin. In our opinion, the diminuition of intracellular levels of reduced S-folate are a factor of resistance, as only a prolongued inhibition of the target enzyme thymidilate synthetase features the cytotoxic effect of this therapy.

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Mader, R.M., Steger, G.G., Rizovski, B. et al. Pharmakokinetik und Pharmakodynamik der Modulation von 5-Fluorouracil mittels Leucovorin. Acta Chir Austriaca 23, 211–213 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02663227

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02663227

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