Abstract
An investigation has been carried out to study the effects of the degree of oxidation or deoxidation of liquid steel on the average size, number, and quantity of nonmetallic inclusions. During deoxidation the variations are strongly influenced also by the nature of the deoxidizing elements and may, therefore, be used to study the individual characteristics of the elements. Some calculations of the oxygen and inclusion contents of the bath are made on the simple assumption that all inclusions are spherical and have the same radius at any given instant. It is shown that such calculations may be used to obtain reasonably reliable estimates.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. Kiesseling:J Metals., 1969, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 48–54.
F. H. Woehlbier and G. W. P. Rengstroff:J Metals., 1968, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 21–26.
Yoshio Miyashita:Nippon Kokan. Tech. Rep. Japan., 1965, no. 4, pp. 41–46.
K. Torsell and U. Lindberg:Trans. TMS-A1ME, 1968, vol. 242, pp. 94–102.
G. H. Ockenhouse and J. E. Werner:J. Metals., 1966, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 52–58.
G. C. Dunderstadt and R. D. Weiler:J Metals., 1966, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 714–18.
Felix Chays:Petrographic modal analysis;an elementary statistical appraisal, Chapter 1, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1956.
Y. Miyashita and K. Nishikowa:Tram. Iron Steel. Inst. Japan,1968, vol. 8, pp. 181–85.
J. E. Hillard and J. W. Cahn:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1961, vol. 221, pp. 344–52.
E. T. Turkdogan:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1966, vol. 204, pp. 914–19.
Y. Miyashita:J. Metals, 1968, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 181–91.
G. Derge.ed.:Basic open Hearth Steelmaking, Chapter 22, AIME, New York, 1964.
C. E. Sims, Ed.:Electric Furnace steelmaking, Vol. II, Theory and Fundamentals, Chapter 21, Interscience, New York, 1961.
John Chipman:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1962, vol. 224, pp. 1288–89.
R. T. DeHoff: inQuantitative Microscopy, R. T. DeHoff and F. N. Rhines, eds., Chapter 5, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 1968.
E. J. Myers and M. J. Sinnott: inComputer applications in Metallurgical Engineering, R. D. Pehlke and M. J. Sinnott, eds., A.S.M., Ohio, 1964.
R. L. Fullman:Tram. TMS-AIME, 1953, vol. 197, pp. 447–56.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bandyopadhyay, G.K., Ray, H.S. & Gupta, R.K. Variations in the average size and quantity of nonmetallic inclusions during oxidation and deoxidation of steel. Metall Trans 2, 239–243 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02662663
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02662663