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Crystallographic Study of the Tempering of Martensitic Carbon Steel by Electron Microscopy and Diffraction

  • Symposium on Tempering of Steel
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Abstract

Structural changes taking place during the tempering proceed in four stages. At the preliminary stage taking place below 370 K, interstitial carbon atom clusters are formed below 270 K, rearrange to make a modulated structure between 270 and 360 K, and disappear at about 370 K. A long period ordered phase with respect to the interstitial carbon atoms or interstitial vacancies also appears between 330 and 350 K. With the disappearance of these structures, the first stage takes place between 370 and 470 K, where η-Fe2C is formed in the matrix of low carbon martensite. The second stage occurs around 550 K with the retained austenite decomposing to θ-Fe3C and α iron. At the succession of the first stage, the third stage appears in a temperature range from 470 to 900 K, where θ-Fe3C, χ-Fe5C2 and also higher carbides θn-Fe2n+1Cn intergrow microsyntactically in the particles precipitated below 720 K, but only θ-Fe3C is formed above this temperature.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgy, Japan

    S. Nagakura (Professor)

  2. Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguroku, 152, Tokyo, Japan

    M. Kusunoki (née Toyoshima), Research Associate) & Y. Nakamura (Graduate Student)

  3. Nagaoka Technological University, 949-54, Nagaoka-shi, Japan

    Y. Hirotsu (Associate Professor)

  4. Wakayama-Works, Sumitomo Metal Industries Company Ltd., 640, Wakayama-shi, Japan

    T. Suzuki

Authors
  1. S. Nagakura
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  2. Y. Hirotsu
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  3. M. Kusunoki
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  4. T. Suzuki
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  5. Y. Nakamura
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Additional information

Formerly Research Associate of Tokyo Institute of Technology.

Formerly Graduate Student of Tokyo Institute of Technology.

This paper is based on a presentation made at the “Peter G. Winchell Symposium on Tempering of Steel” held at the Louisville Meeting of The Metallurgical Society of AIME, October 12-13, 1981, under the sponsorship of the TMS-AIME Ferrous Metallurgy and Heat Treatment Committees.

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Nagakura, S., Hirotsu, Y., Kusunoki, M. et al. Crystallographic Study of the Tempering of Martensitic Carbon Steel by Electron Microscopy and Diffraction. Metall Trans A 14, 1025–1031 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02659851

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