Abstract
In this paper, the first version of a new Arctic Ocean circulation and thermodynamic sea-ice model is presented by the authors based on the framework of a twenty-layer World Oceanic general circulation model developed by Zhang et al. in 1994. The model’s domain covers the Arctic Ocean and Greenland-Norwegian Seas with the horizontal resolution of 200 km × 200 km on a stereographic projection plane. In vertical, the model uses the Eta-coordinate (Sigma modified to have quasi-horizontal coordinate surfaces) and has ien unevenly-spaced layers to cover the deepest water column of 3000 m. Two 150-year integrations of coupling the ocean circulation model with the sea-ice model have been performed with seasonally cyclic surface boundary conditions. The only difference between the two experiments is in the model’s geography. Some preliminary analyses of the experimental results have been done focused on the following aspects: (1) surface layer temperature, salinity and current; (2) the “Atlantic Layer”; (3) sea-ice cover and its seasonal variation. In comparison with the available observational data, these results are acceptable with reasonable accuracy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asselin, R. (1972), Frequency filter for time integrations,Mon. Wea. Rev., 100(6), 487–490.
Bao N. and X.-H.Zhang (1990), Preliminary experiments of an Arctic Ocean circulation model, In 1990 Annual Report of Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 311–325.
Coachman, L.K., and K. Aagaard (1974), Physical oceanography of arctic and sub-arctic seas, In Arctic Geology and Oceanography, edited by H. Nelson and Y. Herman, pp.1–72, Springer, New York.
Esbensen, S.K., and Kushnir, Y. (1981), Heat budget of the global ocean: estimates from surface marine observations. Report No.29, Climate Research Institute, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Oregon, 271 pp.
Gates, W.L., and Nelson, A.B. (1975), A new (revised) tabulation of the Scripps topography on lxl global grid. Part II: Ocean depths, R-1227-1-APPA, The Rand Cooperation, Santa Monica, CA., 132 pp.
Ghan, S. J., J. W. Lingaas, M. E. Schlesinger, R. L. Mobley and W. L. Gates (1982), A documentation of the OSU two-level atmospheric general circulation model, Report No. 35, Climatic Research Institute, Oregan State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 395 pp.
Han, Y.-J. (1984), A numerical world ocean general circulation model, Part I, Basic design and barotropic experiment; Par II. A baroclinic experiment. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 8: 107–172.
Haney, R. L. (1971), Surface thermal boundary condition for ocean circulation models,J. Phys. Oceanogr., 1: 241–248.
Hibler, III. W.D., and K. Bryan (1987), A diagnostic ice-ocean model,J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17: 987–1015.
Levitus, S. (1982), Climatological Atlas of the World Ocean, NOAA Professional Paper 13, U.S.Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 173 pp.
Aykut, G. A. (1976), Energy exchange over young sea ice in the central Arctic, Aidjex Bull., 31: 45–74.
Parkinson, C.L., and Washington, W.M. (1979), A large-scale numerical model of sea ice.J. Geophys. Res., 84: 311–337.
Semtner, Jr. A. J. (1976), A model for the thermodynamic growth of sea ice in numerical investigations of climate,J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6: 379–389.
Semtner, Jr. A.J. (1987), A numerical study of sea ice and ocean circulation in the Arctic,J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17: 1077–1099.
Walsh, J. E., and W. D. Hibler III, and B. Ross (1985), Numerical simulation of Northern Hemisphere sea ice variability, 1951–1980,J. Geophys. Res., 30(3), 4847–4865.
Ypersele, J.-P. Van (1990), Modelling sea ice for climate studies, In Climate-Ocean Interaction, edited by M. E. Schlesinger, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 97–123.
Yu, R.-C. (1989), Design of the limited area numerical weather prediction model with steep mountains,SCIENTIA ATMOSPHERICA SINICA, 13(2), 139–149 (in Chinese).
Yu, R. -C. (1994), A two-step shape preserving advection scheme,Advances in Atmospheric Sciences., 11(4), 479–490.
Zhang, R. -H. (1989), The numerical simulation studies for oceanic circulation in the Pacific basin. Ph.D. Thesis, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 184 pp.
Zhang, X. -H., K. -M. Chen, X. -Z. Jin, W. -Y. Lin and Y. -Q. Yu (1994), Simulation of thermohaline circulation with a twenty-layer oceanic general circulation model, submitted toTheoretical and Applied Climatology.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rucong, Y., Xiangze, J. & Xuehong, Z. Design and numerical simulation of an Arctic Ocean circulation and thermodynamic sea-ice model. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 12, 289–310 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02656978
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02656978