Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Precipitation in lead-calcium alloys containing tin

  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effect of Sn addition on the precipitation in Pb-Ca binary alloys has been studied by means of metallographic observations, hardness and resistivity measurements, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. With increasing Sn content, the cell advance of discontinuous precipitation is retarded and continuous precipitation occurs preferentially in higher Sn content alloys. The amount of Sn necessary for the retardation is higher for higher Ca contents. The retardation effect is attributed to the segregation of Sn at advancing cell boundaries. Precipitates in ternary alloys are L12-type ordered (Pb, Sn)3Ca.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. E.E. Schumacher and G.M. Bouton:Met. Alloys, 1930, vol. 1, pp. 405–09.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. W. Hofmann:Blei und Bleilegierungen, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1962, pp. 23–104.

    Google Scholar 

  3. H. Scharfenberger and S. Henkel:Z. Metallkd., 1973, vol. 64, pp. 478–83.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. H. Borchers, W. Scharfenberger, and W. Henkel:Z. Metallkd., 1975, vol. 66, pp. 111–18.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. H. Tsubakino, R. Nozato, and Y. Satoh:Z. Metallkd., 1990, vol. 81, pp. 490–95.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. H. Tsubakino, R. Nozato, and A. Yamamoto:Z. Metallkd., 1993, vol. 84, pp. 29–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Perkins and G.R. Edwards:J. Mater. Sci., 1975, vol. 10, pp. 136- 58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. M. Myers, H.R. Van Handle, and C.R. DiMartini:J. Electrochem. Soc., 1974, vol. 121, pp. 1526–30.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. H. Borchers and H. Assmann:Z. Metallkd., 1978, vol. 69, pp. 43–49.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. H. Tsubakino, R. Nozato, and A. Yamamoto:Scripta Metall. Mater., 1992, vol. 26, pp. 1681–85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. R. Nozato and H. Tsubakino:Trans. JIM, 1969, vol. 10, pp. 91–97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. H. Tsubakino, A. Yamamoto, and R. Nozato:Mater. Characterization, 1993, vol. 30, pp. 217–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. D.B. Williams and E.P. Butler:Int. Met. Rev., 1981, vol. 26, pp. 153- 83.

    Google Scholar 

  14. W.A. Johnson and R.F. Mehl:Trans. AIME, 1936, vol. 139, p. 416.

    Google Scholar 

  15. M. Doi and T. Miyazaki:Superalloys, S. Reichman, D.N. Duhl, G. Maurer, S. Antolovich, and C. Lund, eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1988, pp. 663–72.

    Google Scholar 

  16. M. Doi:Mater. Trans. JIM, 1992, vol. 33, pp. 637–49.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. H. Tsubakino and R. Nozato:J. Jpn. Inst. Met., 1980, vol. 44, pp. 131–38.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. B. Predel and M. Frebel:Z. Metallkd., 1972, vol. 63, pp. 542–46.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. B. Predel and H. Ruge:Z. Metallkd., 1968, vol. 59, pp. 777–81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. M. Mader and E. Hornbogen:Z. Metallkd., 1969, vol. 60, pp. 475- 81.

    Google Scholar 

  21. J.P. Stark and W.R. Upthegrove:Trans. ASM, 1966, vol. 59, pp. 479- 85.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Himeji Institute of Technology, 671-22, Hyogo, Japan

    H. Tsubakino (Professor Faculty of Engineering), S. Ioku (Researcher TEM Laboratory) & A. Yamamoto (Associate Professor)

  2. Yonekura Co., Ltd., 554, Osaka, Japan

    M. Tagami

Authors
  1. H. Tsubakino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Tagami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. Ioku
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. Yamamoto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Formerly Student, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Himeji Institute of Technology

This article is based on a presentation made during TMS/ASM Materials Week in the symposium entitled “Atomistic Mechanisms of Nucleation and Growth in Solids,” organized in honor of H.I. Aaronson’s 70th Anniversary and given October 3–5, 1994, in Rosemont, Illinois.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tsubakino, H., Tagami, M., Ioku, S. et al. Precipitation in lead-calcium alloys containing tin. Metall Mater Trans A 27, 1675–1682 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02649824

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02649824

Keywords

Search

Navigation