Abstract
This is a first systematic report on the synthesis of completely nanocrystalline metals by high-energy deformation processes. Pure metals with body-centered cubic (bcc) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structures are subjected to ball milling, resulting in a decrease of the average grain size to ≈9 nm for metals with bcc and to ≈13 nm for metals with hcp crystal structures. This new class of metastable materials exhibits an increase of the specific heat up to 15 pct at room temperature and a mechanically stored energy determined as up to 30 pct of the heat of fusion after 24 hours of high-energy ball milling. The grain boundary energy as determined by calorimetry is higher than the energy for fully equilibrated high-angle grain boundaries.
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E. Hellstern, formerly Research Associate, California Institute of Technology
This paper is based on a presentation made in the symposium “Interface Science and Engineering” presented during the 1988 World Materials Congress and the TMS Fall Meeting, Chicago, IL, September 26–29, 1988, under the auspices of the ASM-MSD Surfaces and Interfaces Committee and the TMS Electronic Device Materials Committee.
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Fecht, H.J., Hellstern, E., Fu, Z. et al. Nanocrystalline metals prepared by high-energy ball milling. Metall Trans A 21, 2333–2337 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02646980
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02646980