Abstract
Surface segregation of manganese, an example of a selective oxidation process, occurs at annealing temperatures when low-carbon steel is in contact with typical commercial protective atmospheres. Laboratory kinetic studies show that the enrichment process follows a parabolic rate law, that the rate constant in the low range of oxygen potential for the annealing atmosphere increases linearly with oxygen potential, and that although higher rates apply for relatively high-manganese steels than for relatively low-manganese steels, the same surface-reaction mechanism applies. A rate expression was developed that implicitly includes oxygen potential and free manganese (uncombined, in solid solution) content in the steel.
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Hudson, R.M., Biber, H.E., Oles, E.J. et al. Kinetic studies on surface segregation of manganese during annealing of low-carbon steel. Metall Trans A 8, 1713–1719 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02646874
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02646874