Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Gas-particle interaction in detonation spraying systems

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Spray Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A model is developed to describe dynamic interaction of particles with the carrier gas during detonation spraying. Equations of mass, energy, and momentum conservation are integrated numerically for the two-phase particle-gas flow with the Hugoniot boundary conditions at the detonation wave front. Velocity and temperature of the sprayed powder and the gas parameters are calculated self-consistently, taking into account effects of friction and cooling of the gas in the vicinity of the gun barrel and effects of particle-gas interaction on the parameters of the gas phase. Calculations are performed for tungsten carbide particles of 30 μm diam and a 1.8 m long detonation gun using a stoichiometric mixture of oxygen and propane. Distributions of gas and particle parameters along the barrel are calculated for various moments of time. Tungsten carbide particles of 30 μm reach an exit velocity of 1278 m/s and a temperature of 1950 K. Exit particle velocity is a nonmonotonic function of the loading distance,L, with a distinct maximum atL = 75 cm. The proposed model can be applied to a broad range of problems related to detonation coating technology and allows evaluation of the effectiveness of various designs and optimization of operational parameters of detonation spraying systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. K.M. McHugh and J.F. Key, Use of Laval Nozzle in Spray Forming,Thermal Spray Coatings: Research, Design and Applications, C.C. Berndt and T. Bernecki, Ed., ASM International, 1993, p 75–29

  2. E. Kadyrov, Y. Evdokimenko, V. Kisel, V. Kadyrov, and F. Worzala, Interaction of Particles with Carrier Gas in HVOF Spraying Systems,J. Therm. Spray Technol, Vol 3 (No. 4), 1994, p 389–397

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. O. Knotek and U. Schnaut. Process Modelling of HVOF Thermal Spraying Systems,Thermal Spray: International Advances in Coating Technology, C.C. Berndt, Ed., ASM International,1992, p811–816

  4. O. Knotek and U. Schnaut, Numerical Simulation of the Influence of HVOF Spraying Parameters on Coating Properties,Thermal Spray Coatings: Research, Design and Applications, C.C. Berndt and T. Bernecki, Ed., ASM International, 1993, p 7–12

  5. ML. Thorpe and H. J. Richter, A Pragmatic Analysis and Comparison of HVOF Processes,J Therm. Spray Technol., Vol 1 (No. 2), 1992, p 161–170

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. K. Niemi, P. Vuoristo, and T. Mantyla, Properties of Alumina-Based Coatings Deposited by Plasma Spray and Detonation Gun Spray Process,J. Therm.. Spray Technol.. Vol 3 (No. 2), 1994, p 199–203

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. R.C. Tucker, Structure Property Relationships in Deposits Produced by Plasma Spray and Detonation Gun Techniques,J. Vac. Sci. Technol., Vol 11 (No. 4), 1974, p 725–734

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. HD. Whitmire, Gun Shoots Coatings at Supersonic Speed,Tool Manuf. Eng., May 1969, p 20–23

    Google Scholar 

  9. E. Kadyrov and V. Kadyrov. Gas Detonation Gun for Thermal Spraying,Adv. Mater. Process., Vol 148 (No. 2), 1994, p21–24

    Google Scholar 

  10. P. Vuoristo, K. Niemi, A. Makela, and T . Mantyla, Abrasion and Erosion Wear Resistance of Cr3C2~NiCr Coating Prepared by Plasma, Detonation and High Velocity Oxyfuel Spraying,Thermal Spray Industrial Applications, C.C. Berndtand S. Sampath, Ed., 1994, p 121–126

  11. V. Kadyrov, Detonation Coating Technology,J. Jpn. Therm. Spraying Soc, Vol 29 (No. 4), 1992, p 14–25

    Google Scholar 

  12. L.N. Khitrin,Physics of Combustion and Explosion, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 1962, p 271

  13. P. Laffite, Effect of Temperature on the Formation of the Detonation Wave,Compt. Rend., Vol 186, 1928, p 951–953 (in French)

    Google Scholar 

  14. A. Sokolik and K.I. Schelkin, Detonation in Gaseous Mixtures. II Variation in the Detonation Wave Velocity with Pressure,Sov: JETP, Vol 5, 1934, p 1459–1467

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. A.S. Sokolik, “Self-Ignition, Flame and Detonation in Gases,” Institute of Chemical Physics Proc, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1963, p 78–80

  16. K.I. Schelkin, The Effect of Roughness of a Tube on the Development and Propagation of Detonation in Gases,Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Vol 23, 1939, p 636 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  17. R.H. Eshelman, Flame Plating Technique,Tool Engineer, Vol 1, 1956, p 117

    Google Scholar 

  18. J.F. Pelton and L.W. Cowden, “Apparatus for Utilizing Detonation Waves,” U.S. Patent 3,150,828, 1964

  19. J.M. Koffsky and L.E. Hayes, “High Temperature Wear Resistant Coating and Article Having Such Coating,” U.S. Patent 3,505,101, 1970

  20. HP. Dillon, “High Temperature Coatings,” U.S. Patent 3,091,548, 1963

  21. J.F. Pelton and J.M. Koffskey, “Process of Flame Spraying a Tungsten-Carbide-Nickel Coating and Article Produced Thereby,” U.S. Patent 3,071.489, 1963

  22. A.I. Zverev, MA. Pudzinski, V.l. Sinesternikov, and MR Dudnik, “Installation for Explosive Deposition of Inorganic Coatings,” U.S. Patent 3,884,415, 1975

  23. A.I. Zverev, A.S. Bondarenko, M.A. Pudzinsky, V.M. Sopryazhinsky, and N.A. Yakshin, “Apparatus for Detonating Application of Coatings,” U.S. Patent 4,004,735, 1977

  24. A.I. Zverev, “Installation for Detonation Working of Materials,” U.S. Patent 3,773,259, 1973

  25. A.I. Zverev, “Volumetric Metering Apparatus.” U.S. Patent 3,797,709, 1974

  26. R.B. Melton and EM. Hubbard, “System for Injecting Particular Material into the Combustion Chamber of a Repctitive Combustion Coating Apparatus,” U.S. Patent 3,893,578, 1975

  27. R.B. Melton. J.M. Clark, R.J. Mathis, W.D. Weatherford, and CD. Wood, “Method for Applying Paniculate Coating Material to a Workpiece,” U.S. Patent.3,861,346, 1974

  28. V.A. Nevgod, V. Kadyrov, and A. Khairutdinov, “Gas Detonation Apparatus,” U.S. Patent 4.669.658, 1987

  29. V.A. Nevgod, V. Kadyrov, and A. Khairutdinov, “Gas Detonation Apparatus,” U.S. Patent 4,687,135, 1987

  30. V.Yu. Ulianitsky, A. Vasiliev, T. Gavrilenko, A. Krasnov, J. Nikolaev, and N. Podenkov, “Barrel of an Apparatus for Applying Coatings by Gas Detonation,” U.S. Patent 5,052,619, 1991

  31. VYu. Ulianitsky, T. Gavrilenko, J. Nikolaev, and A. Boteev, “Arrangement for Conveying Powder to the Barrel of a Gas Detonation Apparatus,” U.S. Patent 5,004,0,1991

  32. R.B. Morrison, “A Shock Tube Investigation of Detonative Combustion,” Willow Run Research Center Report, University of Michigan, Contract AF33, 1955

  33. K.P. Stanyikovich, Non-Stationary Flows of Continuous Media,Science, 1971, p 350–356 (in Russian)

  34. Y.B. Zel’dovich and Y.P. Raizer,Elements of Gas Dynamics and the Classical Theory of Shock Waves, Academic Press, 1968

  35. R.I. Soloukhin,Shock Waves and Detonation in Cases. Fitzmatgiz, Moscow, 1963, p 101–108 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  36. HD. Grushka and F. Wecken,Casdynamic Theory of Detonation, Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, 1971, p 68

  37. E. Kadyrov and V Kadyrov, Gas Dynamical Parameters of Detonation Spraying,J. Therm. Spray Techno!.. Vol 4 (No. 3), 1995, p 280–286

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. S. Gordon and B.J. Bride, “Computer Program for Calculation of Complex Equilibrium, Compositions, Rocket Performance, Incident and Reflected Shocks and Chapman-Jouguet Detonations,” COSMIC Program LEW-15113, NASA SP-273, Interim Revision, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1976

  39. S. Chapman and T. Cowling,The Mathematical Theory of Non-Uniform Gases, Cambridge University Press, 1961, p 223

  40. A.M. Gladilin and E. Karpilovski, Interaction of Gas Flow with the Barrel of Detonation Gun,Phys. Comb. Expl., Vol 3, 1980, p 148–150

    Google Scholar 

  41. A. Borisov, B. Gelfand, S. Gubin, and S. Kogarko. Effect of Hard Inert Particles on Detonation of Gaseous Mixture,Phys. Comb. Expl., Vol 6. 1975, p 909–914

    Google Scholar 

  42. S.P. Kiselev, G.A. Ruev, and A.P. Trunev, Shock-Wave Processes in Two-Component and Two-Phase Media,Science, Siberian Division, 1992, p 141–147 (in Russian)

  43. J.K. Dukowicz, A Particle-Fluid Numerical Model for Liquid Sprays,J. Comput. Phys., Vol 35, 1980, p 229–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. M.J. Walsh, Drag Coefficient Equations for Small Particles in High Speed Flows,AIAAJ., Vol 13 (No. 11). 1975, p 1526–1528

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. R.D. Blevins,Applied Fluid Dynamics Handbook, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1972, p 161

  46. T.J. Chung,Numerical Modelling in Combustion, Series in Computational and Physical Processes in Mechanics and Thermal Science, 1993, p 457–469

  47. R.H. MacCormack, The Effect of Viscosity on Hypervelocity Impact Cratering,A1AA J., Vol 69, 1969, p 354

    Google Scholar 

  48. A. Gladilin, A. Grigorov, and G. Sagidulin, Detonation Processes in Two-Phase Media,NEDRA, 1991, p 21–36 (in Russian)

  49. J.E. Dec and J.O. Keller, “The Effect of Fuel Burn Rate on Pulse Combustor Tailpipe Velocities,” Sandia Report, SAND 86-8757, Sandia National Laboratories, 1986

  50. E.L. Karpilovski, Effect of Particle Melting during Detonation Spraying,Phys. Comb. Expl., Vol 3. 1982. p 120–122

    Google Scholar 

  51. Y. Kharlamov and B. Ryaboshapko, Velocity of Particles during Detonation Spraying,Powder Metall.. Vol 2, 1975, p 33–37

    Google Scholar 

  52. E. Astakhov, A. Garda, S. Sharivker, and L. Chernyavskaya, Study of Peculiarities of Powder Heating during Detonation Spraying,Powder Metall., Vol 7, 1974, p 38–42

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Johnson Dr., 53706, Madison, WI, USA

    E. Kadyrov

Authors
  1. E. Kadyrov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kadyrov, E. Gas-particle interaction in detonation spraying systems. JTST 5, 185–195 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02646432

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02646432

Keywords

Search

Navigation