Abstract
During hot deformation of pure nickel, three distinctive fracture initiation mechanisms are identified: ductile cavity initiation at high strain rates, wedge type intergranular cracks due to grain boundary sliding at intermediate strain rates, and creep cavitation on the boundaries normal to the maximum principal stress at very low strain rates. Dynamic recrystallization is found to be effective in eliminating such fracture damage in a certain range of temperature and strain rate. By combining the strain rate-temperature conditions for the various fracture initiation mechanisms and effective dynamic recrystallization, a hot-working map is developed for nickel, which displays a safe hot working window in the strain rate-temperature field.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Henry Wiggin and Company Limited Technical Publication, Hereford, England, “Nickel 200 and 201,” Publication 3570, 1972, p. 10.
Huntington Alloy Products Division, The International Nickel Company Inc., Technical Publication, Huntington, WV, “INCONEL ALLOY X-750,” revised edition, 1970.
R. Raj:Metall. Trans. A, 1981, vol. 12A, pp. 1089–97.
E. Shapiro and G. E. Dieter:Metall. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, pp. 1385–91.
R. A. Ayers:Metall. Trans. A, 1977, vol. 8A, p. 487.
S. H. Goods and L. M. Brown:Acta Metall., 1979, vol. 27, pp. 1–15.
N. J. Grant and A. W. Mullendore: “Deformation and Fracture at Elevated Temperatures,” M. I.T. Press, Cambridge, MA, 1965, pp. 165–211.
F. W. Crossman and M. F. Ashby:Acta Metall., 1975, vol. 13, p. 425.
H. C. Chang and N. J. Grant:Trans. AIME, 1956, vol. 206, p. 544.
N. J. Grant: “Fracture Vol. III,” H. Liebowitz, ed., Academic Press, 1971, p. 519.
C. Gandhi: Ph. D. Thesis, Cambridge University, Cambridge, England, 1978.
I. W. Chen and A. S. Argon:Acta Metall., 1981, vol. 29, pp. 1321–33.
R. C. Koeller and R. Raj:Acta Metall., 1978, vol. 26, p. 1551.
C. Gandhi and R. Raj:Metall. Trans. A, 1981, vol. 12A, pp. 515–20.
G. A. Alers, J. R. Neighbours, and H. Sato:J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1960, vol. 13, pp. 40–55.
P. E. Armstrong and H. L. Brown:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1964, vol. 230, pp. 962–66.
A. R. Wazzan:J. Appl. Phys., 1965, vol. 36, pp. 3596–99.
W. R. Upthegrove and M. S. Sinnott:Trans. ASM, 1958, vol. 50, pp. 1031–46.
R. Raj:Acta Metall., 1978, vol. 26, pp. 995–1006.
C. Gandhi and R. Raj:Acta Metall., 1982, vol. 30, pp. 505–11.
W. J. McG. Tegart: “Ductility,” ASM Publications, Metals Park, OH, 1967, p. 133
J. C. Blade:Met. Sci. J., 1979, vol. 13 pp. 206–10
D. Hardwick, C. M. Sellars, and W. J. McG. Tegart:J. Inst. Metals, 1961, vol. 90 pp. 21–22
G. J. Richardson, C. M. Sellars, and W.J. McG. Tegart:Acta Metall., 1966, vol. 14 pp. 1225–36
J. P. Sah, G. J. Richardson, and C. M. Sellars:J. Aust. Inst. Metals 1969, vol. 14 pp. 292–97
M. J. Luton and C. M. Sellars:Acta Metall., 1969, vol. 17 pp. 1033–43
J. P. Sah, G. J. Richardson, and C. M. Sellars:Metal Sci. J., 1974, vol. 8 pp. 325–31
C. M. Sellars:Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond., 1978, vol. 288 pp. 147–58
E. Shapiro: Ph. D. Thesis, Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA, 1969.
P. Shahinian and J. Weertman:Trans. AIME, 1956, vol. 206 pp. 1223–26
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gandhi, C. On fracture initiation mechanisms and dynamic recrystallization during hot deformation of pure nickel. Metall Trans A 13, 1233–1238 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02645506
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02645506