Abstract
Creep tests in the high temperature range (0.68 Tm-0.94 Tm, where Tm is the melting temperature) have been performed on high purity tin single crystals with the [100] direction as the tensile axis. Above the transition temperature, about 0.84 Tm (150 °C), the creep activation energy was found to be almost equal to the self diffusion energy. Below the transition temperature the creep activation energy is about half of the self diffusion energy and has a value of the order expected for dislocation pipe diffusion. A method based on X-ray rocking curves was developed to measure subgrain misorientation angles of crept specimens. The average subgrain misorientation angles for specimens crept at 70 °C and 100 °C increased continuously with creep strain at rates a factor of 20 to 40 smaller than that predicted by a cross-slip controlled process. The average subgrain misorientation angles at a given strain decrease slightly with increasing temperature. However, no abrupt change of the angle was observed at the transition temperature. It was concluded that a cross-slip controlled mechanism cannot control below the transition temperature. Instead, our results lend support to Sherby and Weertman’s argument that dislocation climb controls creep over the entire high temperature regime.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Weertman:Trans. ASM, 1968, vol. 61, p. 680.
A. K. Mukherjee, J. E. Bird, and J. E. Dorn:Trans. ASM, 1969, vol. 62, p. 155.
S. Takeuchi and A. S. Argon:J. Mater. Sci., 1976, vol. 11, p. 1542.
C. R. Barrett and O. D. Sherby:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1964, vol. 230, p. 1322.
A.H. Clauer, B.A. Wilcox, and J. P. Hirth:Acta Met., 1970, vol. 18, p. 36.
H. Carvalinhos and B. B. Argent:J. Inst. Met., 1967, vol. 95, p. 364.
J. E. Breen and J. Weertman:Trans. AIME, 1955, vol. 203, p. 1230.
J. Weertman and J. E. Breen:J. Appl. Phys., 1956, vol. 27, p. 1956.
J. Friedel:Dislocations, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1964, pp. 161–65 and 315.
J. P. Poirier:Acta Met., 1978, vol. 26, p. 629.
O. D. Sherby and J. Weertman:Acta Met., 1979, vol. 27, p. 387.
H. E. Evans and G. Knowles:Acta Met., 1977, vol. 25, p. 963.
J. R. Spingarn, D.M. Barnett, and W.D. Nix:Acta Met., 1979, vol. 27, p. 1549.
D. Turnbull and R. E. Hoffman:Acta Met., 1954, vol. 2, p. 419.
J.T. Robinson and N. L. Peterson:Sur. Sci., 1972, vol. 31, p. 586.
B.C. Allen:Metall. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, p. 2544.
M. Wuttig and H. K. Birnbaum:Phys. Rev., 1966, vol. 147, p. 495.
R. F. Cannon and J. P. Stark:J. Appl. Phys., 1969, vol. 40, p. 4361; p. 4366.
T. E. Volin, K. H. Lie, and R. W. Balluffi:Acta Met., 1971, vol. 19, p. 263.
H. Luthy, A. K. Miller, and O. D. Sherby:Acta Met., 1980, vol. 28, p. 169.
G.J. Richardson, C.M. Sellars, and W.J.M. Tegart:Acta Met., 1966, vol. 14, p. 1225.
T. Hasegawa, H. Sato, and S. Karashima:Trans. Japan Inst. Met., 1970, vol. 11, p. 94.
A. Orlova and J. Cadek:Phil. Mag., 1972, vol. 26, p. 1263.
A. Orlova, M. Pahutova, and J. Cadek:Phil. Mag., 1972, vol. 25, p. 865.
S.F. Exell and D.H. Warrington:Phil. Mag., 1972, vol. 26, p. 1121.
S.H. Suh, J.B. Cohen, and J. Weertman:Scrip. Metal., 1981, vol. 15, p. 517.
B. Chalmers:Proc. Phys. Soc. (London), 1937, vol. 47, p. 733.
S.H. Suh: Ph.D. Thesis, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 1982.
G. Simmons and H. Wang:Single Crystal Elastic Constants and Calculated Aggregate Properties, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971, p. 300.
J.D. Meakin and E. Klokholm:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1960, vol. 218, p. 463.
C. Coston and N. H. Nachtrieb:J. Phys. Chem., 1964, vol. 68, p. 2219.
E. Schimid and W. Boas:Plasticity, F. A. Hughes & Co. Limited, London, 1950, p. 85.
M. Lorentz:Z. Metallk., 1968, vol. 59, p. 419.
F. Garofalo, L. Zwell, A.S. Keh, and S. Weissmann:Acta Met., 1961, vol. 9, p. 721.
T. Hasegawa, R. Hasegawa, and S. Karashima:Trans. Japan Inst. Met., 1970, vol. 11, p. 101.
S. Karashima, T. Ilkubo, and H. Oikawa:Trans. Japan Inst. Met., 1971, vol. 12, p. 369.
B.D. Cullity:Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. Inc., 1956, p. 242.
D. McLean:J. Inst. Met., 1951-52, vol. 80, p. 507.
D. McLean and M. H. Farmer:J. Inst. Met., 1954-55, vol. 83, p. 1.
L.I. Ivanov and V.A. Yanushkevich:Phys. Met. Metallogr., 1964, vol. 17, p. 102.
J. Weertman: inRate Process in Plastic Deformation of Materials, J. C. M. Li and A. K. Mukherjee, eds., ASM, Metals Park, OH, 1975, p. 315.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Suh, S.H., Cohen, J.B. & Weertman, J. X-ray diffraction study of subgrain misorientation during high temperature creep of tin single crystals. Metall Trans A 14, 117–126 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02643744
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02643744