Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Fracture Behavior of Quenched and Tempered Manganese Steels

  • Published:
Metallurgical Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Manganese is present in all commercial low alloy steels, but its various effects on fracture are not completely understood. In this paper we report a study of the fracture behavior of quenched and tempered manganese steels. The steels were austenitized, quenched, and then tempered at temperatures between 150 °C and 500 °C. If the steel contained phosphorous, the fracture energy after all tempering treatments was very low and the fracture was intergranular. Tempering at temperatures near 350 °C produced especially low fracture energies because of the occurrence of intergranular tempered martensite embrittlement. Manganese does not increase the amount of phosphorous segregation during austenitization or tempering. However, it may increase the embrittling potency of phosphorous. If the steel did not contain a sufficient concentration of a grain boundary embrittling element such as phosphorous, the fracture mode was ductile microvoid coalescence. In this case manganese can be very important because it scavenges all of the residual sulfur in the alloy to form MnS precipitates. These are the initial sites of microvoid formation during ductile fracture, and their presence, especially in the form of elongated stringers, can lead to a reduced fracture energy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. C.L. Briant and S. K. Banerji:Int. Metals Rev., 1978, vol. 23, p. 164.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S.K. Banerji and C.L. Briant:Microstructural Science, D. W. Stevens, G. F. Vander Voort, and J. L. McCall, eds., Elsevier North Holland, Inc., 1980, vol. 8, p. 3.

  3. S. K. Banerji, C. J. McMahon, Jr., and H. C. Feng:Metall. Trans. A, 1978, vol. 9A, p. 237.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. S. K. Banerji and C. L. Briant:Can. Metall. Qtrly., 1980, vol. 18, p. 169.

    Google Scholar 

  5. C.L. Briant and S.K. Banerji:Metall. Trans. A, 1979, vol. 10A, p. 1729.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. C.L. Briant and S.K. Banerji:Metall. Trans. A, 1979, vol. 10A, p. 123.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. C. L. Briant and S. K. Banerji:Metall. Trans. A, 1979, vol. 10A, p. 1151.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. C.L. Briant and S.K. Banerji:Metall. Trans. A, 1981, vol. 12A, p. 309.

    Google Scholar 

  9. B.S. Lement, B.L. Averbach, and M. Cohen:Trans. ASM, 1954, vol. 46, p. 851.

    Google Scholar 

  10. L. J. Klingler, W. J. Barnett, R. P. Frohmberg, and A. R. Troiano:Trans. ASM, 1954, vol. 46, p. 1557.

    Google Scholar 

  11. J. E. King, R. F. Smith, and J.F. Knott:Fracture 1977—ICF4, D. M. R. Taplin, ed., Waterloo, Univ. of Waterloo Press, 1977, vol. 2, p. 279.

    Google Scholar 

  12. J. P. Materkowski and G. Krauss:Metall. Trans. A, 1979, vol. 10A, p. 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  13. G. Thomas:Metall. Trans. A, 1978, vol. 9A, p. 439.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. R.M. Horn and R. O. Ritchie:Metall. Trans. A, 1978, vol. 9A, p. 1039.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. J.E. King and J.F. Knott:Metals Science, 1981, vol. 15, p. 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. T. B. Cox and J. R. Low, Jr.:Metall. Trans., 1974, vol. 5, p. 1457.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. A. Joshi, P.W. Palmberg, and D. F. Stein:Metall. Trans. A, 1975, vol. 6A, p. 2160.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. B. J. Schulz and C. J. McMahon, Jr.:ASTM-STP 499, 1972, p. 104.

    Google Scholar 

  19. G.M. Spink:Metall. Trans. A, 1977, vol. 8A, p. 135.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. G. C. Gould:ASTM-STP 407, 1968, p. 59.

    Google Scholar 

  21. D. R. Squires and E. A. Wilson:Metall. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, p. 575.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. J. Q. Clayton: Ph. D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  23. A. J. Birkle, R. P. Wei, and G. E. Pellissier:Trans. ASM, 1966, vol. 59, p. 981.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Preece and R. D. Carter:J. Iron Steel Institute, 1953, vol. 173, p. 387.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. K.H. Schwalbe and W. Backfish:Fracture 1977-ICF4, D. M. R. Taplin, ed., Waterloo, University of Waterloo Press, 1977, vol. 2, p. 73.

    Google Scholar 

  26. J. D. Bolton, E.R. Petty, and G.B. Allen:Metall. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, p. 2915.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. G.A. Charushvikova, Ya. E. Gol'dshtein, and Yu.G. Razumov:Metal. Sci. Heat Treatment Journal, 1969, vol. 7-8, p. 539.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. B.C. Edwards, M. Nasim, and E. A. Wilson:Scripta Met., 1978, vol. 12, p. 377.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. J. F. Smith, J. H. Reynolds, and H. N. Southworth:Acta Met., 1980, vol. 28, p. 1555.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. R.A. Mulford, C.J. McMahon, Jr., D. P. Pope, and H.C. Feng:Metall. Trans. A, 1976, vol. 7A, p. 1183.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. H. Erhart and H. J. Grabke:Metal. Sci., 1981, vol. 15, p. 401.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. H.C. Rodgers:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1960, vol. 218, p. 498.

    Google Scholar 

  33. R. H. Van Stone and T. B. Cox:ASTM-STP 600, 1976, p. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  34. D. Brooksbank and K. W. Andrews:J. Iron Steel Institute, 1968, vol. 206, p. 595.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. E. Smith and J.T. Barnby:Met. Sci. J., 1967, vol. 1, p. 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. T. Gladman, B. Holmes, and I.D. Mclvor:Effect of Second Phase Particles on the Mechanical Properties of Steel, Iron and Steel Institute, London, 1971, p. 68.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Corporate Research and Development Center, General Electric Company, P. O. Box 8, 12301, Schenectady, NY

    C. L. Briant (Staff Metallurgist)

  2. Foote Mineral Company, Route 100, 19341, Exton, PA

    S. K. Banerji (Senior Research Metallurgist)

Authors
  1. C. L. Briant
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. K. Banerji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Briant, C.L., Banerji, S.K. The Fracture Behavior of Quenched and Tempered Manganese Steels. Metall Trans A 13, 827–836 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02642396

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02642396

Keywords

Search

Navigation