Skip to main content
Log in

Ethnic variation in breast cancer survival: A review

  • Published:
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Intercountry, as well as intracountry, survival comparisons have revealed some differences in breast cancer survival among various ethnic populations. Most of these differences are probably explained by factors related to socioeconomic status. However, the well documented survival advantage of Japanese patients compared to Caucasian patients remains unexplained. Some recent studies suggest an adverse prognostic effect for obesity. Although still inconclusive, these findings raise the possibility that the better survival of Japanese patients may be in part related to their lower mean body weight. An effect of the lower fat intake of the Japanese in explaining their breast cancer survival advantage has little support at present, but, like the obesity hypothesis, deserves further study.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute: Cancer Statistics Review 1973–1986. NIH Publication No. 89-2789, 1989

  2. Shubik P: Progression and promotion. JNCI 73: 1005–1011, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Nowell PC: Mechanisms of tumor progression. Cancer Res 46: 2203–2207, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Henderson IC, Canellos GP: Cancer of the breast: the past decade (first of two parts). N Engl J Med 302: 17–30, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Pater JL, Mores D, Loeb M: Survival after recurrence of breast cancer. Can Med Assoc J 124: 1591–1595, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Devitt JE: The enigmatic behavior of breast cancer. Cancer 27: 12–17, 1971

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Haenszel WM: Contributions of end results data to cancer epidemiology. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 15: 21–33, 1964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Logan WPD: Cancer survival statistics, international data. World Health Stat Q 31: 62–73, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hanai A, Fujimoto I: Survival rate as an index in evaluating cancer control. In: Parkin DM, Wagner G, Muir C (eds) The Role of the Registry in Cancer Control. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, IARC Scientific Publications No. 66, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  10. Wynder EL, Kajitani T, Kuno J,et al.: A comparison of survival rates between American and Japanese patients with breast cancer. Surg Gynecol Obstet 117: 196–200, 1963

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Morrison AS, Black MM, Lowe R,et al.: Some international differences in histology and survival in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 11: 261–267, 1973

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Morrison AS, Lowe R, MacMahon B,et al.: Some international differences in treatment and survival in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 18: 269–273, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Morrison AS, Lowe R, MacMahon B,et al.: Incidence risk factors and survival in breast cancer: Report on five years of follow-up observation. Europ J Cancer 13: 209–214, 1977

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Nemoto T, Tominaga T, Chamberlain A,et al.: Differences in breast cancer between Japan and the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 58: 193–197, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sakamoto G, Sugano H, Hartmann WH: Comparative clinicopathological study of breast cancer among Japanese and American females (in Japanese). Japan J Clin Cancer 25: 161–170, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  16. Chabon AB, Takeuchi S, Sommers SC: Histologic differences in breast carcinoma of Japanese and American women. Cancer 33: 1577–1579, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Rosen PP, Ashikari R, Thaler H,et al.: A comparative study of some pathological features of mammary carcinoma in Tokyo, Japan and New York, USA. Cancer 39: 429–434, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hinds MW, Kolonel LN, Nomura AMY, Lee J: Stage-specific breast cancer incidence rates by age among Japanese and Caucasian women in Hawaii, 1960–1979. Br J Cancer 45: 118–123, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  19. Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Nomura AMY: Relationship of ethnicity and other prognostic factors to breast cancer survival patterns in Hawaii. JNCI 73: 1259–1265, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  20. Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Nomura AMY: Breast cancer survival among Hawaii Japanese and Caucasian women: Ten-year rates and survival by place of birth. Am J Epidemiol 122: 571–578, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  21. Le Marchand L, Yoshizawa CN, Kolonel LN, Nomura AMY: Time trends in characteristics at diagnosis for Caucasian, Japanese and Hawaiian women with breast cancer in Hawaii. J Chron Dis 12: 1099–1110, 1987

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Young LJ, Gloeckler Ries L, Pollack ES: Cancer patient survival among ethnic groups in the United States. JNCI 73: 341–352, 1984

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Axtell LM, Asire AJ, Myers MH: Cancer patient survival. A report from the Cancer Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Washington, DC: US GPO. DHHS publication No. (NIH) 77-992, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  24. Natarajan N, Nemoto D, Nemoto T, Mettlin C: Breast cancer survival among Orientals and whites living in the United States. J Surg Oncol 39: 206–209, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Waterhouse J, Muir C, Shanmugaratnam K,et al.: Cancer incidence in five continents. Vol 4. IARC Publications No. 42, Lyon, 1982

  26. Mitra NK, Rush BF, Verner E: A comparative study of breast cancer in the black and white populations of two inner-city hospitals. J Surg Oncol 15: 11–17, 1980

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Axtell LM, Myers MH: Contrasts in survival of black and white cancer patients, 1960–73. J Natl Cancer Inst 60: 1209–1215, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dayal H, Power RN, Chin C: Race and socioeconomic status in survival from breast cancer. J Chron Dis 35: 675–683, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Nemoto T, Vana J, Bedwani RN,et al.: Management and survival of female breast cancer: Results of the national survey by the American College of Surgeons. Cancer 45: 2917–2924, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Natarajan N, Nemoto T, Mettlin C, Murphy GP: Race-related differences in breast cancer patients. Results of the 1982 national survey of breast cancer by the American College of Surgeons. Cancer 56: 1704–1709, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Bassett MT, Krieger N: Social class and black-white differences in breast cancer survival. Am J Public Health 76: 1400–1403, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Walker ARP, Walker BF, Tshabalala EN,et al.: Low survival of South African black women with breast cancer. Br J Cancer 49: 241–244, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Samet JM, Key CR, Hunt WC, Goodwin JS: Survival of American Indian and Hispanic cancer patients in New Mexico and Arizona, 1969–1982. JNCI 79: 457–463, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Melnik Y, Slater PE, Katz L, Davies AM: Breast cancer in Israel, 1960–1975. II. Effects of age and origin on survival. Europ J Cancer 16: 1017–1023, 1980

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Shapiro S, Venet W, Strak P,et al.: Prospects for eliminating racial differences in breast cancer survival rates. Am J Public Health 72: 1142–1145, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Papatestas AE, Mulvihill M, Josi C,et al.: Parity and prognosis in breast cancer. Cancer 45: 191–194, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Greenberg ER, Vessey MP, McPherson K,et al.: Body size and survival in premenopausal breast cancer. Br J Cancer 51: 691–697, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Donegan WL, Hartz AJ, Rimm AA: The association of body weight with recurrent cancer of the breast. Cancer 41: 1590–1594, 1978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Tartter PI, Papatestas AE, Ioannovich J,et al.: Cholesterol and obesity as prognostic factors in breast cancer. Cancer 47: 2222–2227, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Boyd NF, Campbell JE, Germanson T,et al.: Body weight and prognosis in breast cancer. JNCI 67: 785–789, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Hebert JR, Augustine A, Barone J,et al.: Weight, height and body mass index in the prognosis of breast cancer: Early results of a prospective study. Int J Cancer 42: 315–318, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Newman SC, Miller AB, Howe GR: A study of the effect of weight and dietary fat on breast cancer survival time. Am J Epidemiol 123: 767–774, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Mohle-Boetani JC, Grosser S, Whittemore AS,et al.: Body size, reproductive factors and breast cancer survival. Prev Med 17: 634–642, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Willett WC, Browne ML, Bain C,et al.: Relative weight and risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 122: 731–740, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Sohrabi A, Sandoz J, Spratt JS, Polk JE: Recurrence of breast cancer. JAMA 244: 264–265, 1980

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Williams G, Howell A, Jones M: The relationship of body weight to response to endocrine therapy, steroid hormone receptors, and survival of patients with advanced cancer of the breast. Br J Cancer 58: 631–634, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Gregorio DI, Emrich LJ, Graham S,et al.: Dietary fat consumption and survival among women with breast cancer. JNCI 75: 37–41, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. MacDonald PC, Edman CD, Hemsell DG,et al.: Effect of obesity on conversion of plasma androstenedione to estrone in postmenopausal women with and without endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 130: 448–455, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Nisker JA, Hammond GL, Davidson BJ,et al.: Serum sex hormone-binding globulin capacity and the percentage of free estradiol in postmenopausal women with and without endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 138: 637–642, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Katz EB, Boylan ES: Effect of the quality of dietary fat on tumor growth and metastasis from a rat mammary adenocarcinoma. Nutr Cancer 12: 343–350, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Kalamegham R, Carroll KK: Reversal of the promotional effect of high-fat diet on mammary tumorigenesis by subsequent lowering of dietary fat. Nutr Cancer 6: 22–31, 1984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Zollinger TW, Phillips RL, Kuzma JW: Breast cancer survival rates among Seventh-Day Adventists and non-Seventh-Day Adventists. Am J Epidemiol 119: 503–509, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Verreault R, Brisson J, Deschênes L,et al.: Dietary fat in relation to prognostic indicators in breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 80: 819–825, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Holm LE, Callmer E, Hjalmar ML,et al.: Dietary habits and prognostic factors in breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 81: 1218–1223, 1989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Wynder EL, Rose DP, Cohen LA: Diet and breast cancer in causation and therapy. Cancer 58: 1804–1813, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Kolonel LN: Cancer incidence and mortality in Hawaii, 1973–77. In: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results: Incidence and Mortality Data, 1973–77. National Cancer Institute Monograph No. 57, NIH Publication No. 81-2330, 1981

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Le Marchand, L. Ethnic variation in breast cancer survival: A review. Breast Cancer Res Tr 18 (Suppl 1), S119–S126 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02633543

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02633543

Key words

Navigation