Skip to main content
Log in

Phytomitogens and lymphocyte blastogenesis

  • Part II Differentiation Controls
  • Published:
In Vitro Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Osgood, E. E. and Li, J. G. 1949. A method for the rapid separation of leukocytes and nucleated erythrocytes from blood or marrow with a phytohemagglutinin from red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Blood4: 670–675.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Nowell, P. C. 1960. Phytohemagglutinin: An initiator of mitosis in cultures of normal human leukocytes. Cancer Res.20: 462–466.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Marshall, R. and Capon, B. 1961. Factor stimulating cell division in cultured leucocytes. Lancet2: 103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. MacKinney, Jr., A. A., Stohlman, Jr., F. and Brecher, G. 1962. The kinetics of cell proliferation in cultures of human peripheral blood. Blood19: 349–358.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Elves, M. W. and Wilkinson, J. F. 1963. The effects of phytohaemagglutinin on normal and leukaemic leucocytes when culturedin vitro. Exp. Cell Res.30: 200–207.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Farnes, P., Barker, B. E., Brownhill, L. E. and Fanger, H. 1964. Mitogenic activity ofPhytolacca americana (pokeweed). Lancet2: 1100–1101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Barker, B. E. andFarnes, P. 1967. Mitogenic property ofWistaria floribunda seeds. Nature215: 659–660.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Epstein, L. B. and Stohlman, F., Jr., 1964. RNA synthesis in cultures of normal human peripheral blood. Blood24: 69–78.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Cooper, H. L. and Rubin, A. D. 1965. RNA metabolism in lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin: Initial responses to phytohemagglutinin. Blood25: 1014–1027.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Cooper, H. L. and Rubin, A. D. 1965. Lymphocyte RNA metabolism. Lancet2: 723–724.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Rubin, A. D. and Cooper, H. L. 1965. Evolving patterns of RNA metabolism during transition from resting state to active growth in lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. Nat. Acad. Sci. Proc.54: 469–476.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Torelli, U., Grossi, G., Artusi, T. and Emilia, G. 1963. RNA and protein synthesis in normal peripheral mononuclear leukocytes. A radioautographic study. Acta Haemat.30: 129–137.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bender, M. A. and Prescott, D. M. 1962. DNA synthesis and mitosis in cultures of human peripheral leucocytes. Exp. Cell Res.27: 221–229.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Cooper, E. H., Barkhan, P. and Hale, A. J. 1963. Observations on the proliferation of human leucocytes cultured with phytohaemagglutinin. Brit. J. Haemat.9: 101–111.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. McIntyre, O. R. and Ebaugh, F. G. J. 1962. The effect of phytohaemagglutinin on leukocyte cultures as measured by p32 incorporation into the DNA, RNA and acid soluble fractions. Blood19: 443–453.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Porter, K. A. and Cooper, E. H. 1962. Recognition of transformed small lymphocytes by combined chromosomal and isotopic labels. Lancet2: 317–319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Allison, A. C. and Mallucci, L. 1965. Lysosomes in dividing cells with special reference to lymphocytes. Lancet2: 1371–1373.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hirschhorn, K. and Hirschhorn, R. 1965. Role of lysosomes in lymphocyte response. Lancet1: 1046–1047.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Hirschhorn, R., Kaplan, J. M., Goldberg, A. F., Hirschhorn, K. and Weissman, G. 1965. Acid phosphatase—rich granules in human lymphocytes induced by phyto-hemagglutinin. Science147: 55–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hirschhorn, R., Hirschhorn, K. and Weissman, G. 1967. Appearance of hydrolase rich granules in human lymphocytes induced by PHA and antigens. Blood30: 84–102.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Elves, M. W. 1966.The Lymphocytes. Lloyd-Luke (Medical Books) Ltd. London. 204.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Fries, D., Bryon, P. A., Brunat, N., Brochier, J., Revillard, J. P. and Traeger, J. 1967. An electron microscope study of adenosine-triphosphatase activity of the cytoplasmic membranes of lymphocytes stimulated ‘in vitro’. Pathol. et. Biol.15: 250–257.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Wheelock, E. F. 1965. Interferon-like virus-inhibitor induced in human leukocytes by phytohemagglutinin. Science149: 310–311.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Nowell, P. C. 1961. Inhibition of human leucocyte mitosis by prednisolonein vitro. Cancer Res.21: 1518–1521.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hurvitz, D. and Hirschhorn, K. 1965. Suppression ofin vitro lymphocyte responses by chloroquine. New Eng. J. Med.273: 23–25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ling, N. R. and Husband, E. M. 1964. Specific and nonspecific stimulation of peripheral lymphocytes. Lancet1: 363–365.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Robbins, J. H. 1964. Tissue culture studies of the human lymphocyte. Science146: 1648–1654.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Elyes, M. W. 1966.The Lymphocytes. Lloyd-Luke (Medical Books) Ltd. London.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Yoffey, J. M. (Ed.) 1967.The Lymphocyte in Immunology and Haemopoiesis. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. London.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Douglas, S. D., Kamin, R., Davis, W. C. and Fudenberg, H. H. 1967. Biochemical and morphological aspects of phytomitogens: Jack bean, wax bean, pokeweed (PWM) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Third Leucocyte Culture Conference, 1967. In Press.

  31. Borjeson, J., Reisfeld, R., Chessin, L. N., Welsh, P. D. and Douglas, S. D. 1966. Studies on human peripheral blood lymphocytesin vitro. I. Biological and physiochemical properties of the pockeweed mitogen. J. Exp. Med.124: 859–872.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Reisfeld, R. A., Borjeson, J., Chessin, L. N. and Small, P. A., Jr. 1967. Isolation and characterization of a mitogen from pokeweed (Phytolacca americana). Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.58: 2020–2027.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Rigas, D. A. and Osgood, E. E. 1955. Purification and properties of the phytohemagglutinin ofPhaseolus vulgaris. J. Biol. Chem.212: 607–615.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Rigas, D. A. 1959. Dynamics of cell proliferation and isotope incorporation into deoxyribonucleic acid.The Kinetics of Cellular Proliferation. Grune & Stratton, 408–430.

  35. Rigas, D. A. and Johnson, E. A. 1964. Studies of the phytohemagglutinin ofPhaseolus vulgaris and its mitogenicity. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.113: 800–818.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Rigas, D. A., Johnson, E. A., Jones, R. T., McDermed, J. D. and Tisdale, V. V. 1965. The relationship of the molecular structure to the hemagglutinating and mitogenic activities of the phytohemagglutinin ofPhaseolus vulgaris. Proc. of meeting: “Journees Hellenes de Separation Immediate et de Chromatographie.”

  37. Razavi, L. 1966. Cytoplasmic localization of phytohaemagglutinin in peripheral white cells. Nature210: 444–445.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Hirschhorn, K. and Hirschhorn, R. 1965. Role of lysosomes in the lymphocyte response. Lancet1: 1046–1047.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Hirschhorn, K. and Ripps, C. 1965. Lymphocyte interactionin Vitro. Isoantigens and Cell Interactions. Wistar Press, 57–63.

  40. Astaldi, G. and Airo, R. 1967. Phytohaemagglutinin and human lymphocytes in short-term cell culture.The Lymphocyte in Immunology and Haemopoiesis. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. London, 73–91.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Elves, M. W. 1966.The Lymphocytes. Lloyd-Luke (Medical Books) Ltd., London, 202.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Coulson, A. S. and Chalmers, D. G. 1966. Quantitation of peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. Nature209: 378–381.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Winkelstein, A. and Craddock, C. G. 1965. Comparative response of normal human thymus and lymph node cells to phytohemagglutinin in culture. Blood26: 876 (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Winkelstein, A. and Craddock, C. G. 1967. Comparative response of normal human thymus and lymph node cells to phytohemagglutinin in culture. Blood29: 594–607.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Schwarz, M. R. 1967. Response of thymus and other human lymphoid tissues to PHA, PWM, and genetically dissimilar lymphoid cells. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. and Med.125: 701–705.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Farnes, P., Barker, B. E., Brownhill, L. E. and Fanger, H. 1964. Mitogenic activity inPhytolacca americana (pokeweed). Lancet2: 1100–1101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Barker, B. E., Farnes, P. and Fanger, H. 1965. Mitogenic activity inPhytolacca americana (pokeweed). Lancet1: 170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Elves, M. W., Roath, S. and Israels, M. C. G. 1963. Effect of phytohemagglutininin vivo in rats. Nature198: 494.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Gamble, C. N. 1966. The effects of phytohemagglutinin on mouse spleen cellsin vivo. Blood28: 175–188.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Epstein, L. B. and Smith, C. W. 1968. Thein vivo induction of mouse lymphocyte transformation by phytohemagglutinin. J. Immunol.100: 421–435.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Marshall, W. H. and Norins, L. C. 1965. Antigenic properties of the extract ofPhaeolus vulgaris seeds (phytohaemag-glutinin). Aust. J. Exp. Bio. Med. Sci.43: 213–228.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Humble, J. G. 1963.In vivo action of phytohaemagglutinin in severe human aplastic anaemia. Nature198: 1313–1314.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Humble, J. G. 1964. The treatment of aplastic anaemia with phytohaemagglutinin. Lancet1: 1345–1349.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Airo, R., Mihailescu, E., Astaldi, G. and Meardi, G. 1967. Skin reactions to phytohaemagglutinin. Lancet1: 899–900.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Barker, B. E., Farnes, P. and La Marche, P. H. 1966. Peripheral blood plasmacytosis following systemic exposure toPhytolacca americana (pokeweed). Pediatrics38: 490–493.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Barker, B. E., Lutzner, M. A. and Farnes, P. 1967. Ultrastructural properties of pokeweed stimulated leucocytesin vivo andin vitro. Third Leucocyte Culture conf. In press.

  57. Braunsteiner, H. and Pakesch, F. 1955. Electron microscopy and the functional significance of a new cellular structure in plasmacytes. Blood10: 650–654.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Bessis, M. 1956.Cytology of the Blood and Blood Forming Organs. Grune & Stratton (New York and London), 532–555.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Bernhard, W. and Cranboulan, N. 1960. Ultrastructure of immunologically competent cells. Ciba Found. Symp., Cellular Aspects Immunity, 92.

  60. Thiery, J. P. 1960. Microcinematographie contribution to the study of plasma cells. Ciba Found. Symp., Cellular Aspects Immunity, 92.

  61. Movat, H. Z., and Fernando, N. V. P. 1962. The fine structure of connective tissue. II. The plasma cell. Exp. Molec. Path.1: 535–553.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. McMillan, D. B. and Engelbert, V. E. 1963. The developmental history of the plasmacyte. Amer. J. Path.42: 315–335.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Fitch, F. W., Rowley, D. A. and Coulthard, S. 1965. Ultrastructure of antibody-forming cells. Nature207: 994–995.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Movat, H. Z. and Fernando, N. V. P. 1965. The fine structure of lymphoid tissue during antibody formation. Exp. Molec. Path.4: 155–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Leduc, E. H., Avramaes, S. and Bouteille M. 1967. Ultrastructural localization of antibody in differentiating plasma cells. J. Exp. Med.127: 109–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Hall, J. G., Morris, B., Moreno, G. D. and Bessis, M. C. 1967. The ultrastructure and function of the cells in lymph following antigenic stimulation. J. Exp. Med.125: 91–111.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Chapman, J. A., Elves, M. W. and Gough, J. 1967. An electron microscope study of thein vitro transformation of human leucocytes. I. Transformation of lymphocytes to blastoid cells in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin. J. Cell Sci.2: 359–376.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Dameshek, W. 1967. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia—an accumulative disease of immunologically incompetent lymphocytes. Blood29: 566–584.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Douglas, S. D., Borjeson, J., and Chessin, L. N. 1967. Studies on human lymphocytesin vitro. IV. Comparative fine structural features of the established Burkitt lymphoma cell lines AL-1, EB-2 and phytomitogen-transformed lymphocytes. J. Immunology99: 340–346.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Inman, D. R. and Cooper, E. H. 1963. Electron microscopy of human lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin. J. Cell Biol.19: 441–445.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Tanaka, Y., Epstein, L. B., Brecher, G. and Stohlman, F., Jr. 1963. Transformation of lymphocytes in cultures of human peripheral blood. Blood22: 614–629.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Inman, D. R. and Cooper, E. H. 1965. The relation of ultrastructure to DNA synthesis in human leucocytes. I. Atypical lymphocytes in phytohaemagglutinin cultures and infectious mononucleosis. Acta Haemat.33: 257–278.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Parker, J. W., Wasaka, H. and Lukes, R. J. 1965. The morphologic and cytochemical demonstration of lysosomes in lymphocytes incubated with phytohemagglutinin by electron microscopy. Lab. Inv.14: 1736–1743.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Douglas, S. D., Hoffman, P. F., Borjeson, J. and Chessin, L. N. 1966. Histochemical and fine structural studies of lymphocyte transformation with phytohemag-glutinin and pokeweed mitogen. Anat. Rec.154: 340.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Douglas, S. D., Hoffman, P. F., Borjeson, J. and Chessin, L. N. 1967. Studies on human peripheral blood lymphocytesin vitro: III. Fine structural features of lymphocyte transformation by pokeweed mitogen. J. Immunol.98: 17–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Bach, F. H. and Hirschhorn, K. 1965. Thein vitro immune response of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Sem. Hemat.2: 68–89.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Hirschhorn, K., Bach, F., Kolodny, R. L., Firschein, I. L. and Hashem, N. 1963. Immune response and mitosis of human peripheral blood lymphocytesin vitro. Sci.142: 1185–1187.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Barker, B. E. and Farnes, P. 1967. Histochemistry of blood cells treated with pokeweed mitogen. Nature214: 787–789.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Handmaker, S. D., Leventhal, B. G. and Cooper, H. L. 1967. The kinetics of PHA-stimulation of human lymphocytes. Third Leukocyte Culture Conference, In press.

  80. Lindahl-Kiessling, K. and Peterson, R. D. A. 1967. The mechanism of phytohemag-glutinin (PHA) stimulation of lymphoid cells. The PHA response by spleen cells from mice, neonatally injected with PHA. Third Leukocyte Culture Conference, in press.

  81. Bessis, M. 1956.Cytology of the Blood and Blood-forming Organs. Grune and Stratton (New York, London), 537.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Pearse, A. G. E. 1960.Histochemistry— Theoretical and Applied. Little, Brown and Company, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Welsh, R. A. 1962. Light and electron microscopic correlation of the periodic acid-Schiff reaction in the human plasma cell. Amer. J. Path.40:285–296.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Douglas, S. D., Gottlieb, A. J., Strauss, A. J. L. and Spicer, S. S. 1966. Selectivity of ferritin-protein conjugates for sites on skeletal muscle. Exp. Molec. Path. Supp.3: 5–20.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Huber, H., Winkler, C., Huber, C., Gabl, F. and Braunsterner, H. 1966. Studies on protein synthesis of human lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutininin vitro. The Lymphocyte in Immunology and Haemopoiesis. Edited by Yoffey, J. M.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Supported by U.S.P.H.S. Grant No. GM 13186.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Barker, B.E. Phytomitogens and lymphocyte blastogenesis. In Vitro 4, 64–79 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02618212

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02618212

Keywords

Navigation