References
Baxter, J.A., Richert, A.E., & Saylor, C. (1985).Learning to teach biology: A consideration of content and process. (Knowledge Growth in a Profession Publication Series). Stanford, CA: Stanford University, School of Education.
Borko, H., & Livingston, C. (1989). Cognition and improvisation: Differences in mathematics instruction by expert and novice teachers.American Educational Research Journal, 26, 473–498.
Brickhouse, N.W. (1989).The beginning science teacher: Narratives of convictions and constraints. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, San Francisco, CA.
Brophy, J.E., & Good, T.L. (1986). Teacher behavior and student achievement. In M.C. Wittrock (Ed.)Handbook of research on teaching, 3rd Ed. (pp. 328–375). New York: Macmillan.
Carlsen, W.S. (1989).Teacher knowledge and teacher planning: The impact of subject-matter knowledge on the biologycurriculum. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, San Francisco, CA
Clermont, C.P., & Krajcik, J.S. (1989).The influence of intensive inservicing on pedagogical content knowledge growth among novice chemical demonstrators. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National for Research in Science Teaching, San Francisco, CA.
Dampier, W.C. (1979).A history of science. London: The Cambridge University Press.
Dobey, D.C., & Schafer, L.E. (1984). The effects of knowledge on elementary science inquiry teaching.Science Education, 68, 39–51.
Duschl, R.A., & Wright, E. (1989). A case study of high school teachers’ decision making models for planning and teaching science.Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 26, 467–501.
Gess-Newsome, J., & Lederman, N.G. (1991).Preservice biology teachers’ subject matter structures and their relationship to the act of teaching. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, Fontana, Wisconsin.
Harre, R. (1983).Great scientific experiments. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hashweh, M.Z. (1986).Effects of subject-matter knowledge in the teaching of biology and physics. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA. (Eric Document Reproduction Service No. ED 275 502).
Hauslein, P.L., & Good, R.G. (1989).Biology content cognitive structures of biology majors, biology teachers, and scientists. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, San Francisco, CA.
Hollingsworth, S. (1989). Prior beliefs and cognitive change in learning to teach.American Educational Research Journal, 26, 160–189.
Krajcik, J.S., & Layman, J.W. (1989).Middle school teachers’ conceptions of heat and temperature: Personal teaching knowledge. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, San Francisco, CA.
Lederman, N.G., & Gess-Newsome, J. (1991). Metamorphosis, adaptation, or evolution?: Preservice science teachers’ concerns and perceptions of teaching and planning.Science Education, 75, 443–456.
Lederman, N.G., & Zeidler, D.L. (1987). Science teachers’ conceptions of the nature of science: Do they really influence teaching behavior?Science Education, 71, 721–734.
Roth, K.J., Anderson, C.W., & Smith, E.L. (1987). Curriculum materials, teacher talk, and student learning: Case studies in fifth grade science teaching.Journal of Curriculum Studies, 19, 527–548.
Shulman, L.S. (1986a). Paradigms and research programs in the study of teaching: A contemporary perspective. In M.C. Wittrock (Ed.),Handbook of research on teaching, 3rd Ed. (pp. 3–36). New York: Macmillan.
Shulman, L.S. (1986b). Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching.Educational Researcher, 15(2), 4–14.
Shulman, L.S. (1987). Knowledge and teaching.Harvard Educational Review, 57(1), 1–22.
Smith, D.C., & Neale, D.C. (1989). The construction of subject matter knowledge in primary science teaching.Teaching and Teacher Education, 5(1), 1–20.
Wilson, S.M., Shulman, L.S., & Richert, E.R. (1987). ‘150’ different ways of knowing: Representations of knowledge in teaching. In J. Calderhead (Ed.),Exploring teachers’ thinking. New York: Taylor and Francis.
Yeany, R., & Hale, M.H. (1989).The development of science content pedagogy and the impact on pupil learning. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National for Research in Science Teaching, San Francisco, CA.
Zeidler, D.L., & Lederman, N.G. (1989). The effect of teachers’ language on students’ conceptions of the nature of science.Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 26, 771–783
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Lederman, N.G., Gess-Newsome, J. Do subject matter knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and pedagogical content knowledge constitute the ideal gas law of science teaching?. J Sci Teacher Educ 3, 16–20 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02614732
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02614732